Iran Occupational Health Journal
سلامت كار ايران
ioh
Medical Sciences
http://ioh.iums.ac.ir
136
journal136
1735-5133
2228-7493
10.61186/ioh
fa
jalali
1398
1
1
gregorian
2019
4
1
16
1
online
1
fulltext
fa
ارائه مدل تدوین و انتخاب شاخص های کلیدی ارزیابی عملکرد سیستم مدیریت HSE شهری
Model of the Selection KPI for assessing the performance of the Urban HSE management system
ایمنی
Safety
پژوهشي
Research
<strong>زمینه و هدف:</strong> اندازه­گیری عملکرد سیستم مدیریت <span dir="LTR">HSE</span>، با هدف تهیه اطلاعات لازم در رابطه با میزان پیشرفت و شرایط کنونی استراتژی­ها، فرآیند­ها و فعالیت­هایی یک سازمان به منظور کنترل مخاطرات انجام تدوین می شوند. سنجش عملکرد یک سازمان در حوزه <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> پیش<span dir="LTR">­</span>نیازی برای بهبود مستمر می­باشد که روح سیستم<span dir="LTR">­</span>های مدیریتی جدید <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> است. لذا هدف اصلی از انجام این پژوهش ارائه یک مدل کاربردی جهت تدوین و اولویت بندی شاخص های پایش عملکرد سیستم مدیریت <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> شهری می باشد.<br>
<strong>روش بررسی:</strong> این مطالعه توصیفی-کاربردی در 4 مرحله شامل: تعیین محورهای عملکردی مدیریت <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> شهری، تعیین مولفه های سیستم مدیریت <span dir="LTR">HSE</span>، تدوین شاخص های ارزیابی عملکرد و انتخاب شاخص های عملکرد کلیدی با استفاده از روش <span dir="LTR">AHP</span> انجام گرفت.<br>
<strong>یافته ها:</strong> براساس تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج، در مجموع 155 شاخص ارزیابی عملکرد <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> در سه محور فرآیند، نتیجه و مدیریت شهری تدوین شد که در نهایت 47 شاخص ارزیابی عملکرد کلیدی فرآیند محور، 16 شاخص عملکرد کلیدی نتیجه محور و 7 شاخص عملکرد کلیدی جهت اندازه گیری مولفه های مدیریت شهری تاثیر گذار بر عملکرد <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> بر اساس معیارهای <span dir="LTR">SMART</span> انتخاب گردید.<br>
<strong>نتیجه گیری: </strong>بررسی ساختار مدیریتی شهرداری ها نشان می دهد شاخص های استخراج شده براساس مولفه های سیستم مدیریت <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> به تنهایی نمی تواند عملکرد <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> شهری را پوشش دهد زیرا فاکتورهایی از قبیل پایداری اقتصادی، فرهنگی-اجتماعی، جمعیت شناسی، معماری و شهرسازی و صنفی- صنعتی می تواند بطور قابل ملاحضه ای در وضعیت عملکرد سیستم مدیریت <span dir="LTR">HSE</span> شهری تاثیر گذار باشد.<br>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><b><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Abstract:</font></span></b></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><b><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Background and aims<span dir="RTL" lang="FA">:</span><span lang="FA"> </span></font></span></b><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Performance assessment and also performance indicators have a great importance in all aspects of life.<span dir="RTL"> </span></font><font color="#000000">By these indicators appropriate responses to what is happening for make some improvement, could be determined. In the past, the safety and health performance of organizations was measured with using of some indicators from the USA Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) such as the rate of recorded injuries, the rate of lost days, the rate of workers' complaints, and so on. Determining of this information were done to compare the health and safety status of contractors and industries and ranking them. However, improvement or weakening the safety and health status is cleared by the OSHA indicators, but the ways were not determined by these indicators. </font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">The main objective of measuring safety and health performance is to provide the necessary information on the developments and current status of strategies, processes and activities that an organization is conducting to control health and safety risks. Safety performance indicators are divided into two main categories: the leading and the lagging indicators.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">The leading indicators are the organization's actions for predicting and preventing incidents and accidents before they occur, while the lagging indicators are shown the organization's performance after the occurrence of the accidents to reduce its consequences. Sustainable urban development is a high-profile goal, and its realization in metropolitan areas requires the use of efficient management practices and extensive planning. The extent and complexity of urban issues and the urban ever- increasing development have made urban management a difficult task. In addition to issues such as transportation, urban planning and management is one of the important factors that has a main influence on urban constructive factors. In organizations such as the municipality, and on a wider dimension in societies, various plans and policies such as environmental plans, safety plans, crisis management, educational policies, occupational health plans, as well as some international standards for sustainable urban development were used. The Integrated Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE-MS), by providing the appropriate structure and model, manages all these policies and plans, and, in addition to creating a specific order in the implementation of these programs helps to centralize costs and improve the economic status of the organization and the achievement of sustainable urban development.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Performance measurement is the main issue at all levels of the organization and its improvement needs to be measured, so an organization cannot be conceived without a performance evaluation system. Measuring the performance of an organization in the HSE field is a precondition for continuous improvement. Different organizations and industries need to design performance measurement indicators to assessment and monitor the performance of the HSE management system and determine the effectiveness of themselves performance. Determining the performance assessment indicators of HSE in addition to measuring of the management system performance can lead to systematic identification of improvement points and reduction of HSE related risk factors and ultimately lead to increased organizational productivity. The research shows that the applied, comprehensive and structured model has not yet been designed and implemented to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the HSE management system in different metropolitan areas.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Although there are some retrospective and prospective HSE performance assessment indicators in municipalities but these indicators are purely result-oriented and the creation and institutionalization of processes related to the seven components of the health, safety and environmental management system cannot be measured by them. What matters here is to create an appropriate method with sufficient accuracy to determine the effectiveness of the system. This research, while introducing an innovative model for quantitative ranking of different municipality areas of metropolitans according to the HSE performance assessment with using of AHP technique, the final goal is the determine of key indicators of urban HSE performance assessment. </font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><font color="#000000"><b><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times="">Methods:</span></b><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""> This descriptive-applied study was conducted in four steps.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Step 1: Selecting HSE Performance Measurement Indicators and Urban Management:</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">In the first step, a variety of safety and health management systems (HSE-MS, OHSAS 18001, ISO 14001, etc.), a variety of existing national and international health and safety assessment methods, guidelines, and requirements for safety and health management systems for determining the performance measurement indicators were studied. At this step, through the field visits of the different areas of the municipality and observing work processes, interviewing and organizing various meetings with HSE managers and experts, and studying documentation, the HSE performance assessment indicators in the three areas including process-oriented, result-oriented and urban management were categorized.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Step 2: Selecting the components of the performance monitoring system:</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">The findings suggest that the use of a systematic approach in different domains, in addition to integrating activities, has improved efficiency and effectiveness and increased operational efficiency. Accordingly, many organizations have set up various health, safety and environmental management systems as the basis of themselves operations. The use of the main components of an integrated management system to identify weaknesses or strengths of system is one of the effective measures for measuring performance. At this step, after determining the assessment axes, the performance assessment components were identified for each of the performance monitoring axes.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Step 3: Development of Urban HSE Performance Assessment Indicators:</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">At this step, the indicators for assessing the performance of the urban HSE management system were determined based on the components of each of the performance monitoring axes. According to the main components, the HSE management system was included 18 components such as commitment and leadership, policy, resources, etc. Also in the urban management part 6 components including economic sustainability, social sustainability, architecture and urbanization, demographics, political, legal, and industrial was considered. Indicators related to the result performance were also developed based on the components of the HSE performance output monitoring system in the six areas including safety, health, environment, education, culture and HSE of citizenship.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Step 4: Select Key Performance Indicators:</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">To create an effective HSE-MS performance measurement method, it is necessary to reduce the number of LPIs to fewer or the most important KPIs. This means that among the existing indicators, the best and most important indicators are selected based on the considered criteria. At this step, key performance indicators were selected from the sum of the extracted indicators based on the elements of the HSE management system using the AHP method. All indicators were compared in pairs and each of them was prioritized as a number between 1-9, 1 as lowest priority and 9 as most preferred. Couple comparisons were conducted based on SMART criteria and expert’s opinion. In this study, the paired comparison of axes and performance indicators and determining the weight vector of the indicators was performed using Expert Choice11 software.<span dir="RTL" lang="FA"> </span></font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><font color="#000000"><b><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times="">Results:</span></b><span font-size:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""> </span><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times="">In addition to examining the HSE management systems deployed in the municipalities, as well as using previous studies, the axes and indicators for assessing the performance of the urban HSE management system were determined. Of the 30 components and 155 indicators of performance assessment, 18 components and 98 indicators were related to monitoring of management system of HSE based on the seven elements and sub elements of the Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE-MS). Performance output and urban management axes with 40 and 17 indicators, respectively, have a smaller share of the total indicators developed. Between the process-oriented performance axes, the commitment and leadership axes (0.198) and the HSE records of occupations (0.016) have the highest and lowest weight, respectively. The safety components (0.247) and training (0.150) had the highest and lowest weight in the result-oriented performance axes respectively and economic sustainability (0.301) and architecture and urban planning (0.122) had the highest and lowest weight in among the urban management functional axes respectively. After weighting the indicators for measurement of performance, 70 indicators that had the highest weight than other indicators were selected as key performance indicators. Of the 70 indicators, 47, 16 and 7 indicators are related to the HSE process, the result and urban management respectively. Between the functional sub axes of the HSE process, accident management, inspection, and audit each with five key performance indicators, has the highest measurement index compared to other HSE process sub axes. In the functional axis of the HSE result, the sub axes of ecology with 4 key performance indicators and the sub-axes of safety and health, each with 3 indicators, had the highest number of indicators in this axis. In the urban management axis, sub axes including the socio-cultural and architecture and urbanism axes, each with two key performance indicators, had 4 indicators of total 70 selected key performance indicators.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><font color="#000000"><b><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times="">Conclusion: </span></b><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times="">The results of this study indicate that the determination of HSE performance indicators in addition to the components of the HSE management system should be done based on the type of macro management structure and other influential parameters of the organization. The study of the municipals management structure shows that the extracted indicators based on the components of the HSE management system alone cannot cover the urban HSE performance because of factors such as economic sustainability, socio-cultural, demographic, architectural, urban, and industrial-industrial can significantly affect the performance status of the HSE management system of city.</span></font></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: " times=""><font color="#000000">Therefore, it is essential to design and codification of indicators as a tool for measuring the performance of management systems, all aspects of the management system in order to achieve the more accuracy and reliability be considered.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; -ms-text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;"><span b="" dir="RTL" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 107%; font-family: "><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
شاخص ارزیابی عملکرد, HSE, AHP, شهری
Performance assessment indicators, HSE, AHP, Urban
60
71
http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-678-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
mohsen
falahati
محسن
فلاحتی
falahati.mohsen64@gmail.com
13600319475328460031121
13600319475328460031121
No
, Saveh University of Medical Sciences
دانسکده علوم پزشکی ساوه
mojtaba
zokaei
مجتبی
ذکائی
mzokaei2011@gmail.com
13600319475328460031122
13600319475328460031122
Yes
, Saveh University of Medical Sciences
دانسکده علوم پزشکی ساوه
hadi
asady
هادی
اسدی
asadyhadi60@gmail.com
13600319475328460031123
13600319475328460031123
No
Department of occupational health engineering, School of Health,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای ، دانشکده بهداشت، علومپزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایرا
mohammad
najafi mojre
محمد
نجفی مجره
najafi.hse@gmail.com
13600319475328460031124
13600319475328460031124
No
-
کارشناس ارشد ایمنی صنعتی
azam
biabani
اعظم
بیابانی
A.biabani.67@gmail.com
13600319475328460031125
13600319475328460031125
No
, Saveh University of Medical Sciences
دانسکده علوم پزشکی ساوه
Yoosef
Faghihnia Torshizi
یوسف
فقیه نیا ترشیزی
yoosef.faghihnia@gmail.com
13600319475328460031126
13600319475328460031126
No
PhD of Computer Sciences, Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
دکتری علوم کامپیوتر، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت کار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران