@article{ author = {Heydari, payam and mohammadzadeh, elnaz and Varmazyar, Sakineh and beigzadeh, fatemeh}, title = {Correlation of treadmill and step tests in estimation of maximum in estimating the Maximum Aerobic Capacity (VO2max)}, abstract ={Background and aims: The maximum aerobic capacity or VO2max is a measure of the maximum volume of oxygen that can be absorbed by respiratory system and delivered to the acting muscles through blood flow. The aims of this study were to determine the correlation between the two methods of treadmill and step tests in estimating the maximum aerobic capacity and it's affecting factors among students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.  Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted among the 68 students (47 males and 21 females) that participated voluntarily. First, the participants completed physical activity readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and demographic characteristics, and if they were met inclusion criteria, step and treadmill tests were done according to ASCM by treadmill and step tests according to ACSM and Gerkin protocols respectability. Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of maximum aerobic capacity estimated from ACSM and Gerkin protocols were 2.86 ±0.66 and 1.86 ±0.32 respectively. Significant and Positive correlation were estimated between two test for maximum aerobic capacity via two protocols of ASCM and Gerkin (r=0.74 and p<0.001). Also, there were significant associations among maximum aerobic capacity with age, sex, weight, height, and BMI in both ACSM and Gerkin protocols. Conclusion: According to the results of almost the same ACSM and Gerkin tests, can be used step test instead of the treadmill test to estimate the maximum aerobic capacity. In addition to Physiological characteristics of the human such as sex, age, height and weight have main roles in maximum aerobic capacity.}, Keywords = {Aerobic capacity, step test, treadmill test}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1463-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1463-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {karimizeverdegani, Sara and bahrami, Abdulrahman and rismanchian, Masoud and ghorbanishahna, Farshi}, title = {Extraction of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples with NTD technique and nano sorbent}, abstract ={Background and Aims:Nowadays, many different techniques to extraction of chemical compounds from aquatic  samples have been introduced, for examples techniques based on the use of needles that were packed with some sorbents. Considering that so far no synthesis sorbent based on single-walled carbon nanotubes and sol-gel techniques for the extraction of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples were not used, this study was conducted with this aim. Methods: In this study, needles that were packed with single wall carbon nanotubes sorbent have been used to extraction of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples and optimal extraction conditions (time - temperature extraction and the effect of salt)have been studied. Finally samples collected were analyzed with gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector. Results: The best conditions for the extraction of toluene were at 50 ° C, 60 min, while for methyl ethyl ketone have been obtained at 50 ° C, 30 minutes. Reproducibility of extractions for toluene and methyl ethyl ketone was 9% and 14% respectively. Conclusion: Results showed that needle trap technique has good performance in toluene and methyl ethyl ketone extraction with low concentrations in aquatic media. NTD with SWCNT is sensitive, simple, solvent less and in expensive. Equipment used in this technique is easy to carry out in the workplace.}, Keywords = {Toluene, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Needle trap technique, Gas Chromatograph, Single wall carbon nanotubes}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {10-16}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1483-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1483-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ardeshir, A and Khalilianpoor, AH and Bagheri, Q and Alipouri, Y}, title = {Identify the most important parameters affecting the safety performance of mega projects in Iran’s construction industry (Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process)}, abstract ={Background and aims: Construction industry is one of the riskiest industries all around the world and safety improvement in this industry is one of the main priorities in any country. A lot of researchers try to identify different factors that affect the safety. However, due to the large volume of high liquidity and volume of work in megaproject, identifying contributing factors to their safety is very important. So the main objective of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting mega project in Iran. Methods: In this study, by studying last researches, effective and different factors were identified. After that by using brainstorming session and Delphi, the most important parameters were chosen by experts. The hierarchical fuzzy method was used to prioritize the factors, therefore to weight the factors a total of 25 questionnaires were collected. Results: At last attitude of the workers to safety issues, safety training and safety culture were detected as the most important factors that affect the safety performance of megaproject in Iran. Conclusion: Due to identify the roles and attitudes of workers as the most important parameter affecting the performance of and safety in mega project, its reflects the importance of the selection of workers before entering the construction site. Although we cannot forbear the role of safety training, the best choice next to safety training is the selection of workers with a positive attitude towards safety.}, Keywords = { safety performance, mega project, influencing factors, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {17-28}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1494-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1494-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Salehifar, Delara and Lotfi, Razieh}, title = {NEEDLE STICK AND SHARPS INJURIES AND ITS RISK FACTORS AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS OF A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL}, abstract ={Background and aims: Blood borne diseases are still one of the major sources of nosocomial infections and are large concern of health personnel because of extension of HIV infection and also transmission of Hepatitis B and C. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and risk factors of needle stick and sharps injuries among personnel of a university hospital.  Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 168 nurses, midwives, physicians, laboratory technicians, operation technicians, nurse aids, and anesthesia personnel, involved in the direct management and care of patients answered to questions about occurrence of needle stick and sharps injuries and some potential risk factors. The questionnaire including personal and occupational characteristics was assessed for validity and reliability. Results: The rate of needle stick injury was 1.4 per person in a year. 42.9% of personnel had at least one needle stick injury in the last year. About 71 % of the participants had an experience of needle stick injuries and only 29% of these had not any injury from needle stick duration entire work career. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the most important risk factor for needle stick injuries was re-capping needles, (OR: 2.5, 95% CI 1.5- 4.8). Conclusion: The rate of needle stick injuries is fairly high among health care personnel and there are concerns about transmission of blood borne diseases. Recapping needles is performing by many personnel. Besides the proper educations, it needs to provide safety devices to reduce such injuries.}, Keywords = {Occupational health, Needle stick, Health personnel}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-38}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1569-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1569-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {khandan, M and sakhaie, Z and koohpaei, AR}, title = {Survey of musculoskeletal disorders prevalence and its relationship with Occupational stress among Iranian truck drivers}, abstract ={Background and aims: Transportation and driving have key roles to social life and work, in today’s world. Regard to high needs to concentration and attention and also total health, physical and mental, of drivers, the present study has been conducted aimed to survey the relationship between occupational stress and musculoskeletal disorders among trucks and trailers drivers, 2014-15. Methods: 173 divers participated in this cross-sectional and analytical research. Researchers used three questionnaires to gather data: Demographic, Body map and drivers stress inventory (DSI). Also, analyses have been done utilizing SPSS V20. Results: Studied drivers were 43.61±9.25 years old. Their work experience was 18.92 years as mean (±9.62).146 ones (%88.5) experienced musculoskeletal pain at one part of their body, at least. Average of occupational stress score was measured 247.87 with 18.57 as standard deviation. Occupational stress differentiation between participants with and without musculoskeletal problems analyzed and it was most significant about tights, hands, and right elbow (p<0.05) and also, low back part (p<0.1). Conclusion: Respect to his results, truck driving as a job, in Iran from view point of stress and based on DSI tool, is in medium degree. In addition, stress is correlated with musculoskeletal pain prevalence. Development and applying drivers’ occupational stress management plan all around the country can lead to safer roads, fatal crashes reduction, and increase in drivers’ health.}, Keywords = {Occupational stress, musculoskeletal disorder, truck drivers, Iran}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-49}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1469-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1469-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {vahabi, M and mazinani, M and kdakaram, S and rezazadeh, M and khiri, H and mosavi, AA and zendedel, R}, title = {Irritation risk assessment of occupational exposure to formaldehyde from Melamine dinnerware workshops in Tehran}, abstract ={Background and aims: Melamine is a chemical widely used in the industries .It was used in the production of plastic – coated plates, glue, molding compounds and melamine dinnerware. Formaldehyde as an irritant was produced in the melamine dinnerware production and create some health problem. In this study irritant risk assessment of formaldehyde was assessed in Melamine dinnerware industry. Methods: In this study 54 workers were selected from melamine dinnerware workshops as exposed groups. 30 workers from dairy production workshops was evaluated who were not occupationally exposed to irritants. The personal monitoring of workers was performed according to the NIOSH method No. 3500.Irritant effects of formaldehyde were evaluated using HSE/HSL questionnaire .Relative risk was calculated for each response. Results: Mean occupational exposure of workers to formaldehyde was 0.1±0.044 ppm. The results of Chi-square test showed in the exposed group irritation of respiratory tract and eyes was higher than controls (P<0.05). Also relative risk of all irritation effect was more than 1.Maximum eye irritation was evaluated by pressing workers when formaldehyde exposure was more than others. Conclusion: Occupational exposure of workers to formaldehyde was higher than the respective NIOSH Threshold Limit Values–Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA).It seems, irritation of respiratory tract and eyes occur in the lower concentration of formaldehyde TWA of Iran standards. Due to irritation relative risk in the melamine dinnerware workshops, a program of risk management required.}, Keywords = {melamine dinnerware industry, formaldehyde,relative risk, irritation effect}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {50-57}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {khanijazani, R and tabatabaeii, S and seyedmehdi, SM and kavousi, A}, title = {Ergonomic study of the relationship between job stress and harmful factors in the cement industry}, abstract ={Background and aims: When speaking of stress, it is considered to be the most negative aspects. Stress can develop some of physical, psychological and social illness. Too much stress can reduce performance and increase in accidents in the workplace. In the Cement production lines, there are many deleterious effects that play in outbreak of stress and endanger the health of workers. Methods: The study on 177 workers of a cement production line is done. In the first phase of data collection,individual-job and Belkyk job questionnaire was used to obtain data. In order to assess the deleterious effects of sound, lighting, dust and thermal stress, In order to gauge the sound devices, lux meter, sampling pump was used with its accessories and WBGT meter. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software. Results: The results of this study shows that the average job stress groups were 45.01, And statistically significant relationship between the deleterious effects of job stress is noise and dust (P <0/01). But between job stress and other harmful elements such as lighting and thermal stresses not found. Job stress also with regard to age, experience, and the difference in their activity there.  Conclusion: According to the result can be inferred the noise and dust in the workplace occupational, affecting factors on workers job stress in the production line workers in the cement industry. Also, With increasing age, job stress increases. On the other hand, those with a history of activities in which the burden is too much for them and This leads to increased stress. In different units of Cement production line, the intensity and duration of exposure to harmful factors is vary, That this causes differences in job stress with respect to their activities on the site.}, Keywords = {Job Stress, Harmful factors,cement ,WBGT}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {58-67}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1495-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1495-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Attari, Ghavameddin and Bahrami, Abdolrahman and GhorbaniShahna, Farshid and Heidari, Mahmou}, title = {Seyed Ghavameddin Attari, Abdulrahman Bahrami, Farshid Ghorbani Shahna, Mahmoud Heidari}, abstract ={Background and aims: Conventional Methods for determination of volatile organic pollutants in the air are based on solvent extraction. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been popular as an environmentally friendly technique to extract a very wide range of analytes. SPME fibers have some drawbacks that can be overcome by use of sol-gel nanosorbents. Therefore the aim of this study has been to evaluate a nano fiber for sampling and determination of carbon tetrachloride in air. Methods: In this study, a novel multi-walled carbon nanotube fiber based on sol-gel technique was synthesized and the effects of several factors during sampling and determination of carbon tetrachloride were evaluated and finally compared with Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) as a commercial fiber. Results: Results showed that the performances of proposed fiber under optimal conditions demonstrated better performances in lower level of both temperature and relative humidity. The efficient temperatures for thermal desorption were 280 °C. The desorption times were obtained at 3 min. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for repeatability ranged between 4 to 4.3 % for reproducibility ranged between 3.2 to 4.5 % .In comparative studies to CAR/PDMS, the results were acceptable. Conclusion: Solid-phase microextraction with synthesized nano fiber is a simple, sensitive and applied method that can use successfully for determination of carbon tetrachloride in the air.}, Keywords = {Solid phase microextraction, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Sol–gel technique, carbon tetrachloride.}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {78-68}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1500-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1500-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {nastiezaie, naser and sabegi, framarz}, title = {Relationship between Extreme Dependence to Work with Job Stress and Job Burnout in Teachers}, abstract ={Background and aims: The teachers assign very high amount of time to job activities arbitrarily and voluntarily, and this fact may result addiction to work in them, that continuity of these situations will have a positive and negative outcomes. The main goal of current study is evaluating the relationship between extreme dependence to work with job stress and job burnout in elementary school teachers of Zahedan city. Methods: The type of current study is correlation, in which the study carried out on 350 elementary school teachers of Zahedan city, which selected using stratified random sampling method, by using three questionnaires including addiction to work questionnaire, job stress questionnaire, and job burnout questionnaire. Analyzing data carried out using correlation coefficient and multiple regression using SPSS version21 software. Results: The average score of teachers in dependent variables were 3/97± 0/64 for extreme dependence to work, 3/33±0/74for job stress and 3/48±0/79 for job burnout, which altogether were higher than average level from the theoretical point of view (3). The value of correlation coefficient for work involvement, feeling of being driven to work, work enjoyment, and extreme dependence to work were 0/739, 0/743, 0/73, 0/74 (p<0.01) respectively. Based on result of regression, 55.9% of job stress variance was common with extreme job dependence components (p<0.05). The value of correlation coefficient of work involvement, feeling of being driven to work, work enjoyment, and extreme dependence to work with job stress was 739.737, 0.0, 0.728, 0.738 (p<0.01) respectively. Based on results of regression, the 55.4% of job burnout variance was common with extreme job dependence components (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to significant positive relationship between workaholism with job stress and job burnout in teachers, it could be suggested to execute instructional courses for familiarity of teachers with phenomenon including extreme dependence to work, job stress, job burnout, individual and organizational outcomes and their methods of opposition against them, and effective management. }, Keywords = {Extreme Dependence to Work, Job Stress, Job Burnout, ElementaryTeachers.}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-91}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1497-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1497-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {mahdinia, mohsen and arsanqjang, shahram and sadeghi, abbas and malakouti, javad and karimi, ali}, title = {Development and validation of a questionnaire for safety behavior assessment}, abstract ={Background and aims: Safety behavior is a type of job behavior that promotes the health and safety of workers, clients, public and environment. One of the methods for assessment of safety behavior is the use of questionnaire but So far not provided a validated questionnaire in Iran for assessment of safety behavior. The present study was designed to develop a measurement tool for assessment of safety behavior. Methods: According to the previous studies, a draft of questionnaire with 25 questions was created. Face validity was done based on expert opinion and necessity, relevance, simplicity and clarity of the questions was evaluated. To assess the content validity, content validity ratio and content validity index of the questionnaire was calculated. Reliability of the questionnaire was tested with test-retest, Interclass correlation coefficient and cronbach's alpha coefficient. Provided questionnaire tested on 315 employees of Qom province industries. Data analysis was performed using SPSS20. Results: Other than one question, for the rest of the questions CVR value was greater than zero. Mean of agreement ratio for relevance, simplicity and clarity of questionnaire was 0.91 and for necessity was 0.95. ICC index was equal to 0.752(P=0.009) and Pearson correlation coefficient between test and retest result was 0.619(P=0.02). In scout study Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.766 and in the main study was 0.902. Mean score of Safety behavior was 3.78±0.66 and Safety behavior score has a significance inverse relationship with accident (P-value<0.01).  Conclusion: The safety behavior questionnaire design and validate with 12 questions in Safety compliance and 11 questions in Safety participation. Provided questioner has high reliability and validity and it is a local tool for assessment of safety behavior with suitable sensitivity and accuracy.}, Keywords = { Accident, safety behavior, safety performance, Validation}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-102}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1504-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1504-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} }