@article{ author = {Zaroushani, V and Khavanin, A and Mortazavi, SB and JnonidiJafari, A}, title = {Improvement of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness for radar frequencies using dispersion factor}, abstract ={Background and aims: X-band with 8-12.5 frequencies range has various applications such as air control traffic, navy communication and etc. Uncontrolled exposure with microwave can lead to adverse effect on workers. Application of the shielding is superior control for prevention of microwave exposure, now. This study investigated the effect of dispersion on shielding effectiveness improvement about a novel nanocomposit shiled. MethodS: Nanocomposites prepared by epoxy resin and nano nickel oxide (7wt %) with 2, 4 and 6 mm thicknesses. In order to investigate the effect of dispersion , 10 and 66 minutes was considered as mixing time . Nanoparticles characterized by X-ray Diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Shielding effectiveness measured with vector network analyzer. Results: Dispersion of nanoparticles in group 2-nanocomposites was better than group 1- nanocomposites. Average of percentage attenuation in group 2-nanocomposites was better than group 1- nanocomposites. The Average of shielding effectiveness for three thicknesses in group 1 was 46.5, 69.03 , 70.83 and for group 2 was 52.02%, 78.48% and 84.14 %dB, respectively. Maximum attenuation obtained by the 6mm thickness in group 2- nanocomposites at 8.8 GHz frequency (91.12%). The Average of shielding effectiveness increased with increasing the thickness. Conclusion: with increasing the mixing time, the dispersion and shielding effectiveness be improved. These nanocomposites could be used as appropriate shielding for exposure control of X-band frequency in workplace and nanocomposite with 4mm thickness is appropriate shield in this study. Both 4mm and 6mm thicknesses in group2 are useful in specific frequency such as 8.8 and 12.5 GHz .the average of percentage attenuation for above thicknesses is more than 87%. Keyword: electromagnetic shielding, microwave, nanocomposite, nickel oxide, electromagnetic radiation, dispersion}, Keywords = {electromagnetic shielding, microwave, nanocomposite, nickel oxide, electromagnetic radiation, dispersion}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1458-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1458-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Azadian, Sh and Shirali, Gh.A and Saki, A}, title = {Evaluation Reliability and Validity a Questionnaire to Assess Crisis Management Based on Seven Principles of Resilience Engineering Approach in Hospitals}, abstract ={ Background and aims: Since assessment of crisis management has important role in planning for training and increase awareness and preparation hospitals, therefore the usage of new Resilience Engineering approach can help to increase efficiency of crisis management and empowerment hospitals to encounter with crises. The aim of this study was to evaluate of validity and reliability of the questionnaire to assess crisis management based on seven principles of Resilience Engineering approach in hospitals. Methods: In this descriptive study, eight hospitals in Ahvaz in 1392 were examined. The Self -designed questionnaire completed by personnel of nursing and management sections. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and for proving validity was used of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: Reliability evaluation showed high internal consistency and good reliability. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.977 and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.97. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed seven factors for the questionnaire that jointly explained 75.3% of variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed KMO=0.885, BT=6.41, df =946 (p<0.001). So, Factor analysis earning from exploratory factor analysis was tested and was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggested that the designed questionnaire to assess crisis management based on seven principles of resilience engineering approach in hospitals was suitable and practical. It will be useful to assess crisis management in hospital and recognize its weak points and strengthen of its strong points.}, Keywords = {Safety, Resilience Engineering, Crisis Management, Hospital, Validity}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-26}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1244-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1244-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Iranzadeh, S and Soltanifesaghandi, Gh.R}, title = {Measuring Cause and Effect Relations among the Organizational Factors Affecting the Performance of Industry Safety Based on Fuzzy DEMATEL Method}, abstract ={Background and aims: The Organizational factors affecting safety performance while impact on the overall performance of their organizations, also have a causal relations with each other, so the intensity or weakness of a factor in the organization can be effective on the other factors that enhance or weakness of the factor. Accordingly, the aim of the current study is assess causal relations between organizational factors affecting industries safety performance. Methods: This study due to the aim of applied research and is based on descriptive-causal methods. In this paper, initially the organizational factors affecting the industries safety performance has been elicited. And in order to assess causal relations, a field study has been used. The statistical population of this research includes safety experts of small and medium basic metals industries in the east Azerbaijan province. Also, in order to collect data used DEMATEL questionnaire. As regards DEMATEL method is types of decision-making procedures based on paired comparison; so to design of the questionnaire, a paired matrix composed and provided to professors and experts familiar with the issue and face validity is confirmed. Also, questionnaire reliability obtained based on 0.81 retest. Results: The research findings indicates that among organizational factors affecting safety performance, Management's commitment to safety, the most effective factor and the continuous improvement of safety is the most important factor. That located in the category of impressionable factors and caused other effective organizational factors. Also safety behavior of employees is considered the most impact factor. Conclusion: In order to improve safety performance, the managers of industries can focus on the influential or causal factors and proceed to improve and better them. Improvement and betterment of the causal factors group will lead to the improvement of the affected factors and the general improvement and betterment of the industrial safety performance system.}, Keywords = {Safety performance, Organizational factors, Fuzzy DEMATEL}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-37}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1257-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1257-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ebnali, M and Chehrezad, MR and EbnaliHeidari, M and Shateri, AR}, title = {The Effect of Intelligent Forward Collision Warning System on Driving’s Performance Along In-vehicle Secondary Task: Field Study}, abstract ={Background and aims: Occurrence of crashes and forward collisions, one of the most frequent types of roads and highways incidents, is mostly resulted by drivers’ distraction. Forward collision warning systems (FCWS) are of the technologies which may improve driver’s situational awareness, and consequently driving performance. The present study has aimed to design an intelligent forward collision warning system (IFCWS), and evaluate its effect on driving performance. Methods: Driving performance variables including initial reaction time (IRT), movement time (MT), brake reaction time (BRT), frequency if errors (ER) and distance between two vehicles (D), were measured through four various tests (without and with a cognitive secondary in-vehicle task, off/on warning system). Results: The results indicate a significant effect of the secondary task on drivers’ reaction time, frequency of errors, and distance between the two vehicles. Moreover, the IFCW system led to a decreased frequency of errors and reaction time. However, the warning system had no significant effect on drivers’ movement time. Conclusion: The IFCW system improved driving performance. Further naturalistic studies, with more participants are required to validate the results of the study.}, Keywords = {forward collision warning, visual warning, driving performance}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {38-46}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1452-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1452-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {vosoughiniri, A and ruhollahi, A and mohmmadhosein, H}, title = {A survey of effect of job stress on general health and job performance on Air Traffic Controllers (ATC)}, abstract ={Background and aims: The effective human resources are the main factor for realization, resuming and success of organizational purposes.In the organization milieu, human exposure to different kinds of mental and psychological stress and pressure. In fact, stress associates with many physical and mental diseases, or has a role on making, development and mutation of them and it decreases general health of staffs, innovation and creativity abilities and also staffs' efforts. For this reason, stress studying is important regarding both personnel health and psychological hygiene; and investigation of personnel performance. Therefore, main purpose of this study is to investigation the effect of job stress on general health and job performance on Air Traffic Controllers (ATC). Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive- correlation study. Statistical research community included all workers of ATC in Tehran, and then 103 individuals were selected as sample using stratified random sampling method. Flip L.R. (1992) questionnaire used for gathering of data’s in job stress section and to collect data for General Health section, used Goldberg & Hillier questionnaire and Paterson questionnaire used for gathering data in job performance section. The software SPSS19 with multi regression and simultaneously Baron and Kenny (1986) quadruplet process used for data analyzing. Results: The results show that there is a negative and meaningful relationship between the stress which is produced in workplace and job performance. This means that increased job stress reduces job performance. Also general health has a mediating role between workplace stress and job performance. Conclusion: Based on the results of research that confirms the negative impact of stress on job performance and considering the mediating role of general health between stress and job performance in ATC. Regarding to get better the personal performance, it is an essential thing to design and to implement a comprehensive program in order to manage staffs' stress, to improve general health, as well as to handle the promotion and occupational safety and to accrete their participation necessities in decision-making, and these should be a priority.}, Keywords = { Air traffic controller, working places stress, job performance, general health and flight safety.}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-57}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1354-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1354-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Samaei, SE and Hasheminejad, N and BagheriHosseinabadi, M and Zolala, F}, title = {Comparison of risk assessment methods related to the patient\'s transfer and its relationship with prevalence of low back pain among Hospital Nursing personnel}, abstract ={Background and aims: Low Back Pain is the most common type of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. The high prevalence of low back pain in nurses is a result of activities such as patient handling, improper postures, sudden movements, bending, turning and lifting the load. The aim of this study was Comparison of risk assessment methods related to the patient's transfer and its relationship with prevalence of low back pain among hospital nursing personnel Kerman University of Medical Sciences.  Methods: The present analytic study was done on 243 nursing personnel in 3 hospitals under the supervision of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2014.the data was gathered by Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) related to low back region, a questionnaire containing individuals’ demographic information, and MAPO and PTAI check lists. The data was analyzed by SPSS.22 software and Analytical statistics of Pearson's and Chi-square analyses. Results: prevalence of low back pain in subjects was 69.5 percent. Based on chi-square test, a significant correlation was observed between the prevalence of Low Back Pain and levels of risk by MAPO and PTAI (p<0.05).there wasn't also significant correlation between the results of two methods MAPO and PTAI. Conclusion: MAPO and PTAI risk assessment methods are considered as efficient tools for risk level classification and identification of effective factors on low back pain incidence in nursing personnel involved in patient transfer. In this regards, for ergonomic intervention to reduce incidence of low back pain in this occupational group we can mention the modification of improper factors identified in this two methods such as the increases of lifting and aid device in wards.}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders, Low Back Pain, Nursing personnel, Risk Assessment, MAPO Method, PTAI Method}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {58-68}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1462-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1462-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Beheshti, MH and Hajizadeh, R and Mehri, Ahmad and BorhaniJebeli, M}, title = {Modeling the result of hexane leakage from storage tanks and planning a emergency response programm in a petrochemical complex}, abstract ={Background and aims: Leakage of toxic and hazardous substances in the chemical and process industries always had been one of the factors threatening the workers and residents of the industries. The purpose of this study is modeling of hexane emissions planning emergency response program. Methods: In this study we describes the factors affecting discharging release of material and ALOHA software used as one of the best software for modeling emissions from storage tank 579 thousand gallons of hexane, in a petrochemical. And based on modeling results emergency response plan in sudden devastation of hexane tank prepared and presented. Result: The results of modeling toxic vapor cloud formation caused by the release of hexane and form liquid pools around tank (scenario 1) showed that the diameter of pool formed was 200 m. And about 140 meters around tank concentration of hexane is 8600 PPm (range AGEL-3) that there is risk of death and life-threatening in people that are in the area. Distances up to 160 meters of tank, concentration of hexane is 7200 ppm that is about 60% of the Lower explosive limit (LEL) in gas-hexane. To 526 meters of hexane tank, concentration of hexane is 1200 ppm that is about 10% of the Lower explosive limit (LEL) of hexane gas. In explosion of toxic vapor cloud up to 133 meters away from the tank area is 8 psi, and to a distance of about 196 meters of tank, the blast wave pressure is 3 Psi. In the event of scenario 2 (hexane emissions from tank associated with the burning) thermal radiation from a distance of 353 meters of the tank is 10KW / sqm and to 491 meters of away from tank thermal radiation is 5 KW / sqm. BELEVI and tank explosive occurring (scenario 3) leads to the formation of a fireball with 640 meters diameter in 31 seconds time, and the amount of thermal radiation to 1.3 km from tank is 10KW / sqm. Conclusion: Hexane toxicity is the most serious consequences of danger that threatening the personnel. Therefore preparation of emergency response plan will have an important role in limiting the harmful effects in release of toxic and hazardous substances.}, Keywords = {modeling, risk assessment, hexane, hexane tank}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-79}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1450-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1450-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {afshari, M and afshari, M and bahrami, M and kangavari, M}, title = {Study the factors preventing skin cancer in farmers Tuyserkan city based on protection motivation theory}, abstract ={Background and aims: Skin cancer is the most common cancers. Repeated exposure to sunlight causes high levels of cancer and climate change including changes in the ozone layer along with changes in personal and social habits. Given the importance of farmers' health and increase their skin cancer, the study aimed to determine the factors preventing skin cancer in farmers city Tuyserkan on protection motivation theory was done in 2014. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 200 peasant farmers from 18 to 60 years, Tuyserkan city where the sun had Using a cluster of four health centers and rural health houses Were selected. Using a questionnaire, which was based on protection motivation theory, Collected through interviews with farmers and were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Farmers who use sunscreen, hats, gloves and clothing worn used Respectively, 31.5, 53.5, 3, and 65%. and 81% of farmers do not use eyeglasses. Among Agricultural work experience and average score reward structures and perceived severity a significant correlation was found. Also Between preventive behaviors and the mean score of the fear structure, intensity and reward and motivation, perceived protection there was a significant correlation. Conclusion: With regard to the theory solidarity structures associated with the use of means of protection against the sun's rays, Education and health promotion programs designed to increase the incentives for farmers to use the theory of protection is emphasized.}, Keywords = {Protection Means, Skin Cancer, Farmers, Protection Motivation Theory}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {80-90}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1405-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1405-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hoboubi, N and Choobineh, AR and Keshavarzi, S and kamarighanavati, F and Khalife, M}, title = {Investigating the effects of work-related psycho-social factors on neck disorders among office personal of Shiraz University of Medical Science}, abstract ={Background and aims: Neck disorders among office workers are one of the main causes of the increase in the job absence, Jobs turnover and health care costs. Different factors are attributed to the occurrence of neck disorders. This study was carried out to investigate the association of psychosocial factors associated with the incidence of neck disorders in office workers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 224 office workers of SUMS participated. Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (NMQ) and Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) were used as data collection tools. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS (ver. 19). Results: 71.7% of office workers experienced neck symptoms during the last 12 months. Statistical analysis revealed that perceived psychological demands (lack of enough time to do the tasks and job tenure) were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in neck region. Conclusion: Neck disorders had high prevalence among office workers of SUMS. Lack of time and job tenure was found to be associated with neck symptoms. Interventional programs to prevent neck symptoms should be focused on the psychological demands and job tenure.}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders, Neck disorders, Perceived Psychological Demands, Office Workers}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {91-98}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1427-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1427-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Jahangiri, M and Rajabi, F and Darooghe, F}, title = {Fire risk assessment in the selected Hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in accordance with NFPA101}, abstract ={Background and aims:Protection the hospitals against fire is very important due to presence of disable persons, lack of awareness and expensive devices and equipments in the hospitals. This study aimed to assess fire risk in the selected hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 8 hospitals (16 buildings) affiliated by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Assessment checklists were extracted from NFPA101 standard completed through field observation. In the next stage, gathered information was analyzed using “Computerized Fire Safety Evaluation System” (CFSES) software. Results: From all studied buildings 87.5% in the aspect of fire control, 6.25% in the aspect of egress and 56.25% in the aspect of general fire safety were acceptable. In total, the fire risk level was acceptable only in 1 (6.25%) of the studied buildings, from all three aspects. Conclusion: To improve the level of fire risk in hospitals, required measures especially in the area of egress including buildings design for better access to exits and increasing the number and standardization of emergency exits.}, Keywords = {Fire Risk, Hospital, NFPA standard}, volume = {13}, Number = {1}, pages = {99-106}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1355-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1355-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Heydari, payam and mohammadzadeh, elnaz and Varmazyar, Sakineh and beigzadeh, fatemeh}, title = {Correlation of treadmill and step tests in estimation of maximum in estimating the Maximum Aerobic Capacity (VO2max)}, abstract ={Background and aims: The maximum aerobic capacity or VO2max is a measure of the maximum volume of oxygen that can be absorbed by respiratory system and delivered to the acting muscles through blood flow. The aims of this study were to determine the correlation between the two methods of treadmill and step tests in estimating the maximum aerobic capacity and it's affecting factors among students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.  Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted among the 68 students (47 males and 21 females) that participated voluntarily. First, the participants completed physical activity readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and demographic characteristics, and if they were met inclusion criteria, step and treadmill tests were done according to ASCM by treadmill and step tests according to ACSM and Gerkin protocols respectability. Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of maximum aerobic capacity estimated from ACSM and Gerkin protocols were 2.86 ±0.66 and 1.86 ±0.32 respectively. Significant and Positive correlation were estimated between two test for maximum aerobic capacity via two protocols of ASCM and Gerkin (r=0.74 and p<0.001). Also, there were significant associations among maximum aerobic capacity with age, sex, weight, height, and BMI in both ACSM and Gerkin protocols. Conclusion: According to the results of almost the same ACSM and Gerkin tests, can be used step test instead of the treadmill test to estimate the maximum aerobic capacity. In addition to Physiological characteristics of the human such as sex, age, height and weight have main roles in maximum aerobic capacity.}, Keywords = {Aerobic capacity, step test, treadmill test}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1463-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1463-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {karimizeverdegani, Sara and bahrami, Abdulrahman and rismanchian, Masoud and ghorbanishahna, Farshi}, title = {Extraction of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples with NTD technique and nano sorbent}, abstract ={Background and Aims:Nowadays, many different techniques to extraction of chemical compounds from aquatic  samples have been introduced, for examples techniques based on the use of needles that were packed with some sorbents. Considering that so far no synthesis sorbent based on single-walled carbon nanotubes and sol-gel techniques for the extraction of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples were not used, this study was conducted with this aim. Methods: In this study, needles that were packed with single wall carbon nanotubes sorbent have been used to extraction of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples and optimal extraction conditions (time - temperature extraction and the effect of salt)have been studied. Finally samples collected were analyzed with gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector. Results: The best conditions for the extraction of toluene were at 50 ° C, 60 min, while for methyl ethyl ketone have been obtained at 50 ° C, 30 minutes. Reproducibility of extractions for toluene and methyl ethyl ketone was 9% and 14% respectively. Conclusion: Results showed that needle trap technique has good performance in toluene and methyl ethyl ketone extraction with low concentrations in aquatic media. NTD with SWCNT is sensitive, simple, solvent less and in expensive. Equipment used in this technique is easy to carry out in the workplace.}, Keywords = {Toluene, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Needle trap technique, Gas Chromatograph, Single wall carbon nanotubes}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {10-16}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1483-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1483-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ardeshir, A and Khalilianpoor, AH and Bagheri, Q and Alipouri, Y}, title = {Identify the most important parameters affecting the safety performance of mega projects in Iran’s construction industry (Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process)}, abstract ={Background and aims: Construction industry is one of the riskiest industries all around the world and safety improvement in this industry is one of the main priorities in any country. A lot of researchers try to identify different factors that affect the safety. However, due to the large volume of high liquidity and volume of work in megaproject, identifying contributing factors to their safety is very important. So the main objective of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting mega project in Iran. Methods: In this study, by studying last researches, effective and different factors were identified. After that by using brainstorming session and Delphi, the most important parameters were chosen by experts. The hierarchical fuzzy method was used to prioritize the factors, therefore to weight the factors a total of 25 questionnaires were collected. Results: At last attitude of the workers to safety issues, safety training and safety culture were detected as the most important factors that affect the safety performance of megaproject in Iran. Conclusion: Due to identify the roles and attitudes of workers as the most important parameter affecting the performance of and safety in mega project, its reflects the importance of the selection of workers before entering the construction site. Although we cannot forbear the role of safety training, the best choice next to safety training is the selection of workers with a positive attitude towards safety.}, Keywords = { safety performance, mega project, influencing factors, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {17-28}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1494-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1494-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Salehifar, Delara and Lotfi, Razieh}, title = {NEEDLE STICK AND SHARPS INJURIES AND ITS RISK FACTORS AMONG HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS OF A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL}, abstract ={Background and aims: Blood borne diseases are still one of the major sources of nosocomial infections and are large concern of health personnel because of extension of HIV infection and also transmission of Hepatitis B and C. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and risk factors of needle stick and sharps injuries among personnel of a university hospital.  Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 168 nurses, midwives, physicians, laboratory technicians, operation technicians, nurse aids, and anesthesia personnel, involved in the direct management and care of patients answered to questions about occurrence of needle stick and sharps injuries and some potential risk factors. The questionnaire including personal and occupational characteristics was assessed for validity and reliability. Results: The rate of needle stick injury was 1.4 per person in a year. 42.9% of personnel had at least one needle stick injury in the last year. About 71 % of the participants had an experience of needle stick injuries and only 29% of these had not any injury from needle stick duration entire work career. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the most important risk factor for needle stick injuries was re-capping needles, (OR: 2.5, 95% CI 1.5- 4.8). Conclusion: The rate of needle stick injuries is fairly high among health care personnel and there are concerns about transmission of blood borne diseases. Recapping needles is performing by many personnel. Besides the proper educations, it needs to provide safety devices to reduce such injuries.}, Keywords = {Occupational health, Needle stick, Health personnel}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-38}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1569-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1569-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {khandan, M and sakhaie, Z and koohpaei, AR}, title = {Survey of musculoskeletal disorders prevalence and its relationship with Occupational stress among Iranian truck drivers}, abstract ={Background and aims: Transportation and driving have key roles to social life and work, in today’s world. Regard to high needs to concentration and attention and also total health, physical and mental, of drivers, the present study has been conducted aimed to survey the relationship between occupational stress and musculoskeletal disorders among trucks and trailers drivers, 2014-15. Methods: 173 divers participated in this cross-sectional and analytical research. Researchers used three questionnaires to gather data: Demographic, Body map and drivers stress inventory (DSI). Also, analyses have been done utilizing SPSS V20. Results: Studied drivers were 43.61±9.25 years old. Their work experience was 18.92 years as mean (±9.62).146 ones (%88.5) experienced musculoskeletal pain at one part of their body, at least. Average of occupational stress score was measured 247.87 with 18.57 as standard deviation. Occupational stress differentiation between participants with and without musculoskeletal problems analyzed and it was most significant about tights, hands, and right elbow (p<0.05) and also, low back part (p<0.1). Conclusion: Respect to his results, truck driving as a job, in Iran from view point of stress and based on DSI tool, is in medium degree. In addition, stress is correlated with musculoskeletal pain prevalence. Development and applying drivers’ occupational stress management plan all around the country can lead to safer roads, fatal crashes reduction, and increase in drivers’ health.}, Keywords = {Occupational stress, musculoskeletal disorder, truck drivers, Iran}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-49}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1469-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1469-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {vahabi, M and mazinani, M and kdakaram, S and rezazadeh, M and khiri, H and mosavi, AA and zendedel, R}, title = {Irritation risk assessment of occupational exposure to formaldehyde from Melamine dinnerware workshops in Tehran}, abstract ={Background and aims: Melamine is a chemical widely used in the industries .It was used in the production of plastic – coated plates, glue, molding compounds and melamine dinnerware. Formaldehyde as an irritant was produced in the melamine dinnerware production and create some health problem. In this study irritant risk assessment of formaldehyde was assessed in Melamine dinnerware industry. Methods: In this study 54 workers were selected from melamine dinnerware workshops as exposed groups. 30 workers from dairy production workshops was evaluated who were not occupationally exposed to irritants. The personal monitoring of workers was performed according to the NIOSH method No. 3500.Irritant effects of formaldehyde were evaluated using HSE/HSL questionnaire .Relative risk was calculated for each response. Results: Mean occupational exposure of workers to formaldehyde was 0.1±0.044 ppm. The results of Chi-square test showed in the exposed group irritation of respiratory tract and eyes was higher than controls (P<0.05). Also relative risk of all irritation effect was more than 1.Maximum eye irritation was evaluated by pressing workers when formaldehyde exposure was more than others. Conclusion: Occupational exposure of workers to formaldehyde was higher than the respective NIOSH Threshold Limit Values–Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA).It seems, irritation of respiratory tract and eyes occur in the lower concentration of formaldehyde TWA of Iran standards. Due to irritation relative risk in the melamine dinnerware workshops, a program of risk management required.}, Keywords = {melamine dinnerware industry, formaldehyde,relative risk, irritation effect}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {50-57}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {khanijazani, R and tabatabaeii, S and seyedmehdi, SM and kavousi, A}, title = {Ergonomic study of the relationship between job stress and harmful factors in the cement industry}, abstract ={Background and aims: When speaking of stress, it is considered to be the most negative aspects. Stress can develop some of physical, psychological and social illness. Too much stress can reduce performance and increase in accidents in the workplace. In the Cement production lines, there are many deleterious effects that play in outbreak of stress and endanger the health of workers. Methods: The study on 177 workers of a cement production line is done. In the first phase of data collection,individual-job and Belkyk job questionnaire was used to obtain data. In order to assess the deleterious effects of sound, lighting, dust and thermal stress, In order to gauge the sound devices, lux meter, sampling pump was used with its accessories and WBGT meter. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software. Results: The results of this study shows that the average job stress groups were 45.01, And statistically significant relationship between the deleterious effects of job stress is noise and dust (P <0/01). But between job stress and other harmful elements such as lighting and thermal stresses not found. Job stress also with regard to age, experience, and the difference in their activity there.  Conclusion: According to the result can be inferred the noise and dust in the workplace occupational, affecting factors on workers job stress in the production line workers in the cement industry. Also, With increasing age, job stress increases. On the other hand, those with a history of activities in which the burden is too much for them and This leads to increased stress. In different units of Cement production line, the intensity and duration of exposure to harmful factors is vary, That this causes differences in job stress with respect to their activities on the site.}, Keywords = {Job Stress, Harmful factors,cement ,WBGT}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {58-67}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1495-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1495-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Attari, Ghavameddin and Bahrami, Abdolrahman and GhorbaniShahna, Farshid and Heidari, Mahmou}, title = {Seyed Ghavameddin Attari, Abdulrahman Bahrami, Farshid Ghorbani Shahna, Mahmoud Heidari}, abstract ={Background and aims: Conventional Methods for determination of volatile organic pollutants in the air are based on solvent extraction. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been popular as an environmentally friendly technique to extract a very wide range of analytes. SPME fibers have some drawbacks that can be overcome by use of sol-gel nanosorbents. Therefore the aim of this study has been to evaluate a nano fiber for sampling and determination of carbon tetrachloride in air. Methods: In this study, a novel multi-walled carbon nanotube fiber based on sol-gel technique was synthesized and the effects of several factors during sampling and determination of carbon tetrachloride were evaluated and finally compared with Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) as a commercial fiber. Results: Results showed that the performances of proposed fiber under optimal conditions demonstrated better performances in lower level of both temperature and relative humidity. The efficient temperatures for thermal desorption were 280 °C. The desorption times were obtained at 3 min. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for repeatability ranged between 4 to 4.3 % for reproducibility ranged between 3.2 to 4.5 % .In comparative studies to CAR/PDMS, the results were acceptable. Conclusion: Solid-phase microextraction with synthesized nano fiber is a simple, sensitive and applied method that can use successfully for determination of carbon tetrachloride in the air.}, Keywords = {Solid phase microextraction, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Sol–gel technique, carbon tetrachloride.}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {78-68}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1500-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1500-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {nastiezaie, naser and sabegi, framarz}, title = {Relationship between Extreme Dependence to Work with Job Stress and Job Burnout in Teachers}, abstract ={Background and aims: The teachers assign very high amount of time to job activities arbitrarily and voluntarily, and this fact may result addiction to work in them, that continuity of these situations will have a positive and negative outcomes. The main goal of current study is evaluating the relationship between extreme dependence to work with job stress and job burnout in elementary school teachers of Zahedan city. Methods: The type of current study is correlation, in which the study carried out on 350 elementary school teachers of Zahedan city, which selected using stratified random sampling method, by using three questionnaires including addiction to work questionnaire, job stress questionnaire, and job burnout questionnaire. Analyzing data carried out using correlation coefficient and multiple regression using SPSS version21 software. Results: The average score of teachers in dependent variables were 3/97± 0/64 for extreme dependence to work, 3/33±0/74for job stress and 3/48±0/79 for job burnout, which altogether were higher than average level from the theoretical point of view (3). The value of correlation coefficient for work involvement, feeling of being driven to work, work enjoyment, and extreme dependence to work were 0/739, 0/743, 0/73, 0/74 (p<0.01) respectively. Based on result of regression, 55.9% of job stress variance was common with extreme job dependence components (p<0.05). The value of correlation coefficient of work involvement, feeling of being driven to work, work enjoyment, and extreme dependence to work with job stress was 739.737, 0.0, 0.728, 0.738 (p<0.01) respectively. Based on results of regression, the 55.4% of job burnout variance was common with extreme job dependence components (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to significant positive relationship between workaholism with job stress and job burnout in teachers, it could be suggested to execute instructional courses for familiarity of teachers with phenomenon including extreme dependence to work, job stress, job burnout, individual and organizational outcomes and their methods of opposition against them, and effective management. }, Keywords = {Extreme Dependence to Work, Job Stress, Job Burnout, ElementaryTeachers.}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-91}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1497-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1497-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {mahdinia, mohsen and arsanqjang, shahram and sadeghi, abbas and malakouti, javad and karimi, ali}, title = {Development and validation of a questionnaire for safety behavior assessment}, abstract ={Background and aims: Safety behavior is a type of job behavior that promotes the health and safety of workers, clients, public and environment. One of the methods for assessment of safety behavior is the use of questionnaire but So far not provided a validated questionnaire in Iran for assessment of safety behavior. The present study was designed to develop a measurement tool for assessment of safety behavior. Methods: According to the previous studies, a draft of questionnaire with 25 questions was created. Face validity was done based on expert opinion and necessity, relevance, simplicity and clarity of the questions was evaluated. To assess the content validity, content validity ratio and content validity index of the questionnaire was calculated. Reliability of the questionnaire was tested with test-retest, Interclass correlation coefficient and cronbach's alpha coefficient. Provided questionnaire tested on 315 employees of Qom province industries. Data analysis was performed using SPSS20. Results: Other than one question, for the rest of the questions CVR value was greater than zero. Mean of agreement ratio for relevance, simplicity and clarity of questionnaire was 0.91 and for necessity was 0.95. ICC index was equal to 0.752(P=0.009) and Pearson correlation coefficient between test and retest result was 0.619(P=0.02). In scout study Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.766 and in the main study was 0.902. Mean score of Safety behavior was 3.78±0.66 and Safety behavior score has a significance inverse relationship with accident (P-value<0.01).  Conclusion: The safety behavior questionnaire design and validate with 12 questions in Safety compliance and 11 questions in Safety participation. Provided questioner has high reliability and validity and it is a local tool for assessment of safety behavior with suitable sensitivity and accuracy.}, Keywords = { Accident, safety behavior, safety performance, Validation}, volume = {13}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-102}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1504-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1504-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {borhanijebeli, M and golbabayi, F and ghorbanzadeh, A and yarahmadi, R}, title = {Elimination of carbon monoxide using non _ thermal plasma technique}, abstract ={Abstract Background and aims:Nowadays, the non-thermal plasma is considered as a successful new technology with high efficiency in the air pollution control and is in the focal attention of the researchers. Various types of atmospheric pollutants adversely influence on the human health and the environment regionally and globally. Carbon monoxide has been introduced as a critical pollutant which can cause the environmental and health effects. The growing concern about effects of air pollution on human health, and also more stringent strategies of choosing the air quality standards, have motivated the development of air pollution control techniques, particularly the non-thermal plasmas techniques. Therefore, the aim of this study is the removal of the carbon monoxide (CO) contaminants in the dry air and argon atmospheres in order to determine of the effective parameters. Methods:The current study has determined the effects of temperature, the CO concentration, the voltage and the residence time on the CO elimination efficiency by ASTM D 5835  method in the both of systems, i.e. the system of negative plasma reactor (diluted by dry air) and the system of positive plasma reactor (diluted by argon gas), simultaneously. Results:The results indicated that the temperature and the residence time did not have a significant effect on the CO removal in the both dry air and argon gas systems. However, the most important variable in the both systems was the voltage in the vicinity of 8 kilovolts with the p-value <0.05 and the mean effect of 37 and 13.2 in the dry air and argon gas systems, respectively. Conclusion:The results of CO elimination in the dry air and argon atmosphere indicate that the dry air system, due to present of the Oxygen active ions, has better performance compare to the argon gas system.}, Keywords = {Keyword: Elimination _Carbon monoxide _ Non Thermal plasma _ Positive plasma _ Negative plasma.}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1593-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1593-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Shirali, Gholam abbas and Dibehkhosravi, Afshi}, title = {Validity and reliability Assessment of safety culture Questionnaire based on International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) model in oil and gas Production Company}, abstract ={Background and aims: Safety culture of an organization is an essential strategy to reduce occupational accidents, and many industries around the world have shown their willingness to consider the concept as an approach to reduce daily incidents and potential disasters. The aim of this study is to design a valid tool for measuring safety culture, which is based on a model of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study performed on 409 employees of an oil and gas exploration company in Ahvaz in 1392. After the initial questionnaire was prepared by the IAEA's 5D model, the linguistic validity, content validity and construct validity were tested on questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using test-retest methods and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and data were analyzed using the software SPSS 18. Results: In studying content validity, the content validity index and total content validity ratio were obtained equal to 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire was evaluated, and KMO and Bartlett’s coefficients were obtained equal to 0.807 and 5237.791, respectively. In addition, factor analysis confirmed five factors in the study (including priority to safety, leadership, responsibility, safety integrity and learning), which accounted for 69.813% of the total variance. The results showed that the final questionnaire is reliable (α=0.902) and repeatable (ICC=0.899). There was a significant correlation between dimensions of the safety culture questionnaire (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a safety culture questionnaire that is designed according to the 5D model of the International Atomic Energy Agency has acceptable reliability and validity for measuring the safety culture in an oil and gas exploitation company. This tool can be effective in promoting safety culture in high-risk industries.}, Keywords = {Keywords: Safety Culture Questionnaire, Accidents, High-risk, Validity and Reliability, Oil and Gas Exploitation Company}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {12-23}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1368-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1368-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {azadi, narges and boroun, Razie and hajibabaei, maji}, title = {Evaluation of Quality of Light and energy-efficiency for lighting systems in secondary schools in the city of Ahvaz}, abstract ={Background and aims:The aim of the good quality lighting is that which balanced the needs of humans, economic and environmental issues, and created suitable lighting for a particular visual activity (e.g. reading, writing, etc.). Quality lighting is very important to incising productivity and learning of students. The main idea of energy-efficient lighting is to reduce the amount of electricity used without compromising on the quality of lighting. The first objective of the work was to assess different aspects of lighting quality and energy efficiency and the second objective was to find out ways to improve the efficiency of electric lighting in high school.  Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 high schools for girls in Ahvaz. In this regard, based on measured artificial light (lux) and Electrical power consumption (w/m2), Installed Power Density (IPD) (w/m2.100 lux) is calculated. Normalized power density (NPD) divided by Installed Power Densityto compute Installed Load Efficiency Ratio (ILER) and Performance Index classified into three categories.  The data were analyzed by a unilateral variance analysis test using SPSS 16. Results: The results show that sum of areas measured, 47.6 percent at level 3, 36.1 percent at level 2 and 16.2 percent at level 1 have been evaluated. Maximum efficiency is reported in three high school  (3, 5, 8) lighting systems had the best performance. Conclusion: In this study, Low efficiency and high energy consumption of lighting systems result from defects such as  reflection coefficients less than the standard (walls 0.5, ceiling 0.7 and floor at least 0.3), using conventional ballasts instead of electronic ballasts, lamps low-efficiency , conventional  Reflectors instead of steel and lack of proper use of daylight.}, Keywords = {high Schools, energy efficiency systems, lighting systems}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {24-32}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1460-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1460-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {JamshidiRastani, Mahdi and GhorbaniShahna, Farshid and Bahrami, Abdolrahman and Hosseini, Somayeh and zarei, mohse}, title = {Study of Venturi scrubber efficiency in collection of Fe2O3 airborne dust at an iron making unit}, abstract ={Background and aims: Steel industry plays an important role in air pollution and particulate emissions released to the environment. The Venturi scrubber is one of the most important scrubbers and components at local exhaust ventilation which has a lot of application to control of the contaminants emissions to the atmosphere in the steel industry. On the other hand, the efficiency of this equipment depends to use and how to use, therefore aim of this study is determination of the efficiency of a venturi scrubber at an iron making unit. Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study to determination of the venturi scrubbers efficiency in collection of particle different sizes. Sampling to be fulfilled based on BS 3405 method and duct internal isokinetic sampling at 30 l/min flow before and after venturi scrubber using of the sampling sequence include a set of probe with standard inlet nozzle, sampler and particles classifier (the four-stage cascade impactor) which followed with the flow control and measurement equipment. Finally, the samples were analyzed using gravimetric method and the results were analyzed using spss 16 Software. Results: The fluid velocity was in the throat of the scrubber 71.4 m/s and the ratio of liquid to gas 1.12 l/m3. The mean of total dust concentration was before and after Venturi, respectively 6900mg/m3 and 983mg/m3. The overall efficiency of the venturi scrubber was 85.3%. The maximum removal of the particle size distribution was respectively to particle size 15μm<, 15-4μm, 4-1μm and <1μm  and 93.2%, 90.6%, 79.4%, 30.4%. Conclusion: It is concluded that scrubber’s efficiency increased in parallel increasing in particle aerodynamic diameter, but its removal efficiency was not achieved to desirable level for particle size lower than 1 μm because of inappropriate modification in some design parameters such as nozzles. Regarding decrease in load pollutant input, performance of this scrubber is not acceptable even for large particle sizes.}, Keywords = {scrubber efficiency, venturi scrubber, steel industry}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {33-46}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1454-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1454-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hassani, Hamid and Golbabaei, Farideh and Shirkhanloo, Hami}, title = {Manganese-Iron Ratio (MIR) as a potential biomarker for manganese exposure assessment}, abstract ={Background and aims: Biological monitoring plays an important role in occupational exposure assessment. The aim of present study was to assess Manganese-Iron Ratio (MIR) as a potential biomarker for manganese. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in an automotive parts manufacturing industry in Tehran, Iran. 31 ferroalloy smelters as exposed group (cases) and 30 office workers as unexposed control group were involved in the study. Occupational exposure to manganese was determined based on NIOSH analytical method 7300. Air and blood samples were analyzed using furnace- atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). Serum Iron was measured according to Iron- Ferrozine LS. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The mean concentration of air Mn for smelter group was 0.008± 0.005 mg/m3. The mean manganese concentration in blood samples of smelter group (17.33± 8.66µg/L) was significantly higher than in the control group (9.37± 8.70µg/L), (P < 0.05). Also, the mean value of MIR in the smelter group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Correlation test showed significant relationship between air manganese and MIR (P < 0.05, r=0.426). Conclusion: Manganese-Iron Ratio (MIR) can be used as a biomarker to distinguish manganese exposed workers from the unexposed population.}, Keywords = {Occupational exposure assessment, Biomarker, Manganese, Manganese-Iron Ratio (MIR)}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {47-53}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1440-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1440-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of psychological ownership on Job satisfaction of airports supply chain staff (Case study: supply chain part pilot training airport)}, abstract ={Background and aims: Job satisfaction is an important factor in increasing productivity, caring staff to the organization, belonging and attachment to the workplace and increasing the quantity and quality of work and good human relations in the workplace, good communication, raising spirit, love and Interest of the job. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological ownership on job satisfaction among airports supply chain staff. Methods: Using random sampling, 59 employees were selected for this study. To measure psychological ownership and job satisfaction questionnaires Van Dyne and Pierce and Minnesota, respectively have been used.Data’s analyzed by correlation and regression and Structural Equation Modeling. Results: Result showed that psychological ownership with load factor (0.866) and had effect on Job satisfaction and organizational -based psychological ownership with beta (0.112) and meaningfully (0.002) follow job-based psychological ownership with beta (0.235) and meaningfully (0.001) has positive relationship with Job satisfaction. Conclusion: Since there is a positive effect of job satisfaction on psychological ownership, and create a positive attitude toward employees and job creation in the ownership and belonging, increase productivity, increase organizational commitment, establish a good in person, the creation of a proper relationship raise morale and interest in the organization.}, Keywords = {Job satisfaction, psychological ownership, organizational -based psychological ownership, job-based psychological ownership.}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {54-62}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1453-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1453-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {MollaAghaBabaei, Amir Hossein and Yazdi, Maryam and Karimizeverdegani, Sara and Barakat, Samir}, title = {Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its relationship with occupational stress among workers at a steel industry}, abstract ={Background and aims: In the most of the workplaces there are work-related stress, also Workers complain of musculoskeletal disorders. It should be noted that these two Factors effect on people's lives.This study with aim to determine the association between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and occupational stress among a group of workers in the metal industry was done. Methods: This study was a descriptive - analytic research that nordic questionnaire and DASS-21 software were used. Demographic characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, in other questionnaires were collected. Data analysis was performed using statistical software spss-20. Results: Results show that 82.3% individuals had normal stress and 3.1% with severe stress. Body posture, exercise, smoking and stress have significant relation with WMSDs. Conclusion: Increased job stress plays a role in the development of musculoskeletal disorders.There is a significant relation between body posture with WMSDs.}, Keywords = { Occupational stress, Musculoskeletal disorders, Steel industry, DASS-21, Nordic questionnaire}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {63-72}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1490-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1490-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {gholami-borujeni, fathollah and Nejatzadeh, Fatemeh and Nourmoradi, Heshmatollah}, title = {Survey the effect of ornomental flowers in reduction of volatile organic compounds from indoor indoor ambients}, abstract ={Background and aims: In this study the effectivness application of conventional apartment ornomental flowers to survay removal capability of five kind of pollutant: aromatic hydrocarbons (Benzene and Toluene), aliphatic hydrocarbons (Octane), halogenated hydrocarbons (Trichloroethylene (TCE)) and tropens (Alpha-Pinene) in indoor ambients was studied. Methods: At the first, 10 species of ornomental flower were cultured seperatly in pots and then were placed in 10L gas-tight glass jars and exposed to different concentrations of benzene, TCE, toluene, octane, and α-pinene, respectively. Air samples within the glass containers were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy and detector tubes 3 and 6 h after exposure to the test pollutants to determine removal efficiency. The removal efficiency, expressed as µg/m3-m2-h basis for each volatile organic compound (VOC), varied with plant species. Results: Results show that of the 10 ornomental flower tested, Alternaria, Hedera helix , Tradescantia and Hoya carnosa had the highest removal efficiencies for total VOCs. Alternaria displayed superior removal efficiency for four of the five VOCs (i.e., benzene, TCE, toluene and octane). The average removal of five pollutants with ornomental flower tested were 8-44 µg/m3-m2-h of the total VOCs. Hedra helix efficiently removed Alpha-Pinene. All of the flower tested caused removal of VOCs from indoor ambients. Conclusion: Different in efficacy of removal with different species ornomental flowers show that, for improvement efficiency of application ornomental flowers for removal of VOCs from indoor ambients, is needed that different species of flowers be planted. This study showed that the use of indoor ornamental flowers is suitable solution for reducing volatile organic contaminants from the indoor ambients.}, Keywords = {Air pollution, Ornomental flowers, VOCs, Indoor ambient, GC-MS}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {73-80}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1086-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1086-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {panahi, hossein and aleemran, ali}, title = {Study of the Causality between Unemployment and Health}, abstract ={Background and aims: Health is one of the most important assets of a man that has allowed him to develop his full potential. If this capital is eroded or not fully developed, it could be weakened human physically and mentally. On the other hand, the phenomenon of unemployment is a social and economic hardship that fallowed several negative effects and people personal life are strongly influenced. Accordingly, this study examines the causality between unemployment and health in Iran. Methods: This research is doing a causal-analysis by using Toda - Yamamoto and Johansen-Juselius methods over the period of first quarter of 1995 to fourth quarter of 2013 for the country of Iran. Also, the level of significant is 5 percent. Results: There is a two-way causality between unemployment and health. Also, one percent increase in unemployment, decreases the health by 6.84 percent. Accordingly one percent increase in the private health expenditure lead to 0.14 percent decrease in unemployment. Conclusion: Given the significant cross negative impact of health on unemployment and vice versa, it is recommended to invest in the health sector such as health insurance and hospital, particularly in disadvantaged areas, to provide workforce health and reduce unemployment and provide community health with appropriate policies to reduce unemployment and increase income.}, Keywords = {Health, Health Expenditure, Labor, Unemployment}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {81-89}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1466-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1466-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Mahin and Heydarnia, Ahmad and Abbassi, Hadi}, title = {The effect of schema- based training on occupational burnout}, abstract ={Background and aims: One of the most leading occupational problems usually seen as response to occupational-organizational stresses among employees is occupational burnout which suggests decrease in person compatibility power with factors disturbing work environment. In a general, burnout is one of the factor establishing conflict, change or resigning job. Current research aimed at examining the effectiveness of schema- based model training on occupational burnout decrease among employees of coal company "Parvadeh" in Tabas. Methods: For this purpose, quasi-experimental method by pretest- posttest design with control group was used. 30 people from employees obtaining the highest occupational burnout level, were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups, randomly. Next, experimental group was exposed to schema- based training in the 6 session- 90 minute period and control group didn't receive no training. Before and after training, participants from two groups filled Maslach Burnout Inventory 22- question form in. Results: Results from covariance analysis and t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of control and experimental groups. The occupational burnout and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and loss of personal accomplishment have improved. Conclusion: It can be stated that schema- based group training sessions lead to decrease in occupational burnout and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and loss of personal accomplishment dimensions.}, Keywords = {schema- based model training, occupational burnout}, volume = {13}, Number = {3}, pages = {90-98}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1566-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1566-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Fallahi, H and Abbaspour-Fard, M Hossein and Azhari, A and Khojastehpour, M and Nikkhah, A and Rohani, A}, title = {Modeling of BMI index and leg angles during tractors’ clutching on Gastrocnemius muscle using Genetic Algorithm}, abstract ={Backgrond and aims: Due to the rapid development of agricultural mechanization operations and the use of tractor as one of the most important agricultural machinery, focus on the health, ergonomic and safety working conditions of the tractor operators is a MUST. Methods: In this research the impact of BMI index and the leg angles of Iranian common tractors drivers on pain threshold reduction of Gastrocnemius muscle during clutching were investigated. Experiments were performed on two tractors including MF285 and MF399 models as two Iranian common tractors. The experiments were conducted by employing 30 drivers. Results: The results of data analysis showed that in MF285 tractor, the drivers with higher BMI index (within the normal range) and lower leg and thigh angles had small decrease of pain threshold. Consequently, these tractor drivers feel low level of stress in their Gastrocnemius muscle. The BMI index had the highest regression coefficient for all time intervals, during and after clutching of MF399 tractors. The impact of this variable for all time intervals on the reduction of pain threshold was the highest. So that one unit increase in BMI index would decrease the pain threshold reduction by 1, 0.89 and 0.69 N, respectively. The results of genetic algorithm showed that when the BMI index, knee, thigh and ankle angles are 24.75 kgm2, 101, 76 and 100 degrees, the decrease of pain threshold in Gastrocnemius muscle is reached to 0.016 Newton. For the MF399 tractor, when the BMI index, knee, thigh and ankle angles are 24.86, 130, 115 and 95 degrees, the decrease of pain threshold is reached to 0.316 Newton. Conclusion: The effect of BMI index was negative on the decrease of pain threshold for all time intervals, during and after clutching for both of tractors. The Gastrocnemius muscle of the drivers with higher BMI index is under less stress during clutching.}, Keywords = {Ergonomic, Tractor, Operator, Muscle, Gastrocnemius.Ergonomic, Tractor, Operator, Muscle, Gastrocnemius.}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1522-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1522-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Yarahmadi, R and Golbabaei, F and Alipoor, A.R and Rashidi, M}, title = {Design and evaluation of the performance of local exhaust hood on the welding torch}, abstract ={Background and aims: The welders' health threat due to exposure to welding fume is an important issue, so effective exhaust of fumes are needful for to be assured from the workers safety in exposured to such proccess. In this study, was evaluated prototype operation of local exhaust ventilation on-gun in bench scale. Methods: duct velocity Average was determined by using traverse points method and calculated flow rate by hood using ACGIH standard method. Also capture velocity close in contaminant source (Arc Point) was measured using thermal anemometer. Then in order to determine total particles concentration and capture efficiency created by system, Was used NIOSH 7200 standard method. Results: the results show that, duct velocity average and created flow rate by evaluated system was obtained respectively 6296.1±92.50 fpm and 34.06±0/50 scfm. Also capture velocity in close the weld point was obtained 140 fpm. Sampling results shows averaged total particles concentration in off and on positions of system, respectively 75±7 mg/m3 and 16.7±4 mg/m3. As a result achieved containment efficiency 77% by this system. Conclusion: The local exhaust ventilation used in this study was a low cust prototype and according to acheived results, it lead to reduce total particles concentration (T.P) in breathing zone aproximately to 22%.}, Keywords = {Key words: Welding fumes, Local exhaust ventilation, on-torch system, design and evaluation.}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {12-22}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1456-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1456-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Jahangiri, M and Jamshidi, HR}, title = {Chemical Transportation Risk Assessment in the pass leading to Amirkabir Terminal at Shiraz City}, abstract ={Background and aims: Transportation of hazardous chemicals is one of the main phases in chemical life cycle which could endanger the safety of people and facilities that are located in the tanker traffic roads. The aim of this study was to assess risk of chemical transportation in the pass leading to  to Amirkabir terminal in Shiraz city. Methods: In this cross sectional study, risks of chemical transportation in all routes leading to Amirkabir terminal were calculated using Transportation Risk Rating Index (TRRI). Required data were gathered through material safety data sheets (MSDSs) and interview by responsible persons in the terminal. Results: TRRI was at dangerous and high level for some of chemicals in 56.6 % of the length of studied routes. Butane had the highest value TRRI in the distance below 500 meter from residential area. Conclusion: Chemical transportation risk index for routes located in residential areas was at the dangerous level. Appropriate strategies and effective measures should be applied in order to  reduce the risk to the acceptable level.}, Keywords = {Hazardous chemicals, Road transportation, Risk}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {23-30}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1329-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1329-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zargan, S and Seyedmehdi, SM and Emami, H and Attarchi, MS and Yazdanparast, T and hamidi, H}, title = {Comparison of blood cells in radiology workers and non-radiation workers staff of a governmental hospital in Tehran}, abstract ={Background and aims: The use of imaging such as X-rays may have an important role in early diagnosis, staging, planning treatment and monitoring of patients during treatment. Radiology ward staff is at risk of low-dose occupational exposure. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of low dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation on blood cell indices of radiology ward staff employed in a governmental hospital in Tehran. Methods: In this case-control study, some blood parameters in 30 radiation workers(cases) and also30 persons who worked in other parts of the hospital were compared. Matching was done for confounding factors. The data was analyzed with software SPSS 20 (p<0.05). Results: According to this study, there are no statistically significant differences in blood parameters such as red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, platelets between radiation workers and other workers (p>0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the hematological parameters of radiation workers exposed to low doses of radiation may not predict the amount of radiation effects.}, Keywords = {Ionizing radiation, radiation workers, blood parameters, x-ray}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {31-38}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1528-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1528-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Izadilaybidi, M and Mazloumi, A and NaslSaraji, J and Gharagozlou, F and Azam, K}, title = {Assessment of mental workload Air Traffic Controllers based on task load factors in Air Traffic Control simulator}, abstract ={Background and aim: Air traffic control has known as a complex cognitive task, which requires controller to focus on task for long time. Mental workload plays an important role in the performance of controllers. The aim of this study was to assess the workload of air traffic controller on the basis of task load factors. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted among fourteen air traffic controllers. First, air traffic control tasks were determined using hierarchical task analysis (HTA) technique and two low and high workload scenarios were designed based on the task load factors for controlling job. Next, the workload of the controllers were assessed in these two scenarios by NASA-TLX inventory. Results: The results of HTA showed that air traffic control contains 49 main subtasks. The findings of the NASA-TLX showed that under high workload condition, mental demand with mean scores of 71/93 was the most overloaded task. Moreover, there were significant relationship between mental, physical, temporal demands, effort and frustration under high and low workload (P value>0/05). Whereas, it was not significant for performance variable under both low and high level conditions (P value<0/05). Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of task load factors concerning air traffic controllers. Therefore, other evaluation methodologies is suggested with focused on the task load factors including Performance Assessment in all sectors of air traffic control center.}, Keywords = {Mental workload, NASA TLX, Task load, Air Traffic Control}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {39-48}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1536-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1536-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kermani, M and Aghaei, M and Gholami, M and Bahramiasl, F and Karimzade, S and Falah, S and Dolati, M}, title = {Estimation of Mortality Attributed to PM2.5 and CO Exposure in eight industrialized cities of Iran during 2011}, abstract ={Background and aims: according to World Health Organization estimations, 3.7 million deaths were attributable to ambient air pollution annually, that shows pollutants associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity. So, present study with aim of quantifying and estimating health impacts attributable to two pollutant of PM2.5 and CO in 8 industrial cities of Iran during 2011 by AirQ model were performed. Methods: At first, required data were taken from Department of Environment in understudy cities. With coding in excel, analysis and calculation of statistical parameters was performed for quantifying, and information imported to AirQ model. Finally results of total mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease presented in tables and graphs format. Results: According to results, with increasing each 10&mug/m3 concentration of PM2.5 and 1mg/m3 increasing in CO, risk of mortality increased 1.5% and 0.7% respectively. Cumulative of total mortality attributable to PM2.5 in Isfahan and Shiraz was estimated 585 and 454 cases that this rate is allocated of 5.42% of all deaths in these cities. Sum of cumulative cases of mortality for CO in Isfahan, Tehran and Shiraz estimated 14 (2.15%), 24 (0.86 %) and 3 cases (0.69%) respectively. Conclusion: The study emphasized that PM2.5 and CO as well as other pollutants have adverse affect on human health. Among 8 under study cities, Ahwaz had lowest mortality attributable to CO and highest mortality attributable to PM2.5, which it can be due to either continuing of days with higher concentration of particulate or higher average of this pollutant in Ahwaz city.}, Keywords = {Quantifying, particulate matter less than 2.5 µm, CO pollutant, AirQ Model}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {49-61}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1492-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1492-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {DehghanNejad, A and GholamNiya, R and Alibabaee, A}, title = {The crisis of risk analysis in complex socio-technical systems a literature review Part A: Dependency between common risk analysis methods and obsolete accident models}, abstract ={Background and aims  methods: High risk organizations and industries such as oil and gas extraction, chemical and petrochemical industries, nuclear and aerospace industries and air traffic control organization, in addition to use of advanced technology, have complex social aspects as well. Recent studies have shown that the combination of advanced technology and social vague rules of such organizations, forming a complex system that encounter with a new type of risk. The type of risk that inaccessible to conventional risk analysis approaches.Therefore, in this paper, with comprehensive review of recent studies, the ineffectiveness of traditional risk analysis methods in complex socio-technical systems will prove and the roots of this inefficiency will analyze.  Results and conclusion: The ineffectiveness of traditional risk analysis methods in complex socio-technical systems, rooted in the inefficiencies of out of date accident models and theories that have shaped the theoretical field of these method. Because, intrinsic conditions in such complex systems, and accident formation mechanism on it, basically different with what conventional models assume.}, Keywords = {Complex Socio-Technical Systems, Accident Models, Risk Analysis, System Safety }, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {62-76}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1507-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1507-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {davoudiantalab, A.H and akbari, F and bazdar, Sh and kiani, H and yaghoubi, Sh and yousefi, F}, title = {Assessment of awareness and practice of operating room personnel to fire prevention and effective factors}, abstract ={Background and aims: The operating room is a critical place for accident. One of the events that is likely to occur at this location is fire accident during the surgery. Despite of this truth that such accident rarely happen, but they can lead to serious injury or death of patients. Therefore the purpose of this study is the assessment of awareness and practice of operating room personnel about prevention of fire and effective factors in operating room in Khuzestan hospitals.   Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted among operating room in Khuzestan hospitals in 2013. In this study, all operating rooms personnel were investigated, in random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect information and knowledge and practice of operating room personnel about preventing of fire, the relationship between these two factors with the age, work experience and the effect of training, education, sex and job title was considered. To examine the relationship between variants, the SPSS16 was used and compare the groups the Mann–Whitney was used. Results: The Result show that in aware, 15% were high aware, 25% were medium aware, 48/4% were poor aware and 11/1% were unaware, also in operation, 87/2% were high operating, 14/2% were medium operating, 6/7% were poor operating and 8% were very poor. There was no relation between the age and work experience with awareness and operation in Kendal's correlation test (P>0.05). the comparison test in this study show that training is effective on operation and awareness (p<0.05), but there isn’t any significant different between awareness and operation of man and women. Also there was a significant difference in comparison of average scores of awareness between education levels (technician and bachelor) (P<0/05), but there isn’t any significant differences between the kind of jobs (P>0/05). This study show that the level of operation of operation room personnel is more than anesthesia personnel and the differences is significant (p<0.05).  Conclusion: the results from this study and previous ones indicate that awareness about fire prevention ways between operating room personnel is low and their safety in not satisfied. To increase the awareness about fire prevention ways is operating room, It is suggested to execute safety courses for different levels, aware the personnel about the potential dangers and create a suitable and effective reporting system for happenings.}, Keywords = {awareness, practice, operating room personnel, fire prevention}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {77-84}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1527-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1527-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Aghajani, M and Nazari, A.M and rasooli, M}, title = {The Relationship between Mental Health in Workplace and Emotion Regulation and Its Effect on Occupational Burnout}, abstract ={Background and aims: Burnout is a psychological syndrome that can be detected in most jobs that require long-term interaction with humans, and it gradually endangers the mental health of service providers. Individual differences can modify this exhaustion better or worse. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between burnout and mental health of a group of university office workers.   Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 234 employees working in the five university parts (vice-chancellors) participated in this study. We applied a multi-stage cluster sampling. All participants completed these scales: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).        Results: The results showed there are significant relationships between burnout and mental health, and between burnout and emotional dysregulation. Burnout both directly and indirectly, through a difficulty in emotion regulation affects the mental health of university staff. Difficulty in emotion regulation also has little independent effect on mental health.        Conclusion: Based on these results, it seems that all working people, even in relatively similar conditions are not affected the same psycho-social side effects of their jobs. The results indicate the mediation of emotional regulation, that has both theoretical and practical implications.}, Keywords = {Burnout, mental health, emotional adjustment }, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {85-94}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1692-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1692-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {souri, A and JonidiJafari, A and biati, A}, title = {Industry solid waste management assessment of 10 large food industries in Tehrn 2014}, abstract ={Background and aims: Inappropriate solid waste management industry in recent years has created a lot of risks. As a result, the health, safety and the humans environment is at risk for it. main objective of this study is solid waste management assessment of 10 large food  industries in Tehran.   Methods: This study is descriptive and sectional based on field visits, questionnaires, preparation of the database and the analysis of the results. The selected units were categorized based on ISWMI scale. The questionnaire consisted of 47 questions related with key elements of industrial solid waste management. This questions consist of 10 separate areas. 10 large industrial units of the food industry in Tehran were randomly selected. Results: The results showed that the index of selected industrial units based on ISWMI scale (based on100) is: 96 for J company (very good), 49 for A company (week), 85 for H and I company (very good), 72 for E, 77 for F and 80 for G (good), 57 for B, 63 for C and 64 for D company (moderate). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, industrial waste management situation in most of the selected units are above average. However it seems that factors such as a lack of senior management commitment and belief to implementation of the waste management system, the lack of requirement industrial units to employ an expert in environmental or environmental health and the lack of a comprehensive at the national level plan for waste management of the most effective factors to determine ISWMI values in industries.}, Keywords = {Solid waste management, Solid waste industrial, Food industries, Tehran industries}, volume = {13}, Number = {4}, pages = {95-102}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1526-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1526-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {SalmaniNodooshan, Hamid and Chobineh, Ailreza and Razeghi, Mohsen and ShahnazarNezhadKhales, Taymaz}, title = {Ergonomic evaluation of client transfer between bed and stretcher through common way and using mechanical patient transfer aid device}, abstract ={Background and aims: Health care sector has job-related health problems and hazards. Patient handling is a main risk factor of musculoskeletal disorders among Health Care Workers (HCW). The present study aimed to ergonomic evaluation of client transfer between bed and stretcher through common way and using mechanical patient transfer aid device. Methods: In this study, parameters of comfort, perceived physical exertion and safety of a patient handling assistive device was measured from users’ and clients’ viewpoints. Thirty seven health care workers of a hospital in Shiraz city who had experience in patient transfer participated in the study. The data were collected using a five point likert scale (1= worse condition and 5= better condition), likert-type scale for rating (Borg scale), and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) for user’s posture analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon, Fischer and Paired t-test analyses. Results: The mean (SD) of users’ comfort while using the aid device was 4.48 (0.50), and the means (SD) of clients’ comfort and safety regarding mechanical transfer method were 4.21 (0.47) and 4.40 (0.49), respectively. The results revealed a significant reduction in the users’ rating of perceived exertion while doing the job by the device as compared to manual operation (P<0.001). The results of posture analysis showed that for approximately 90% of the users in manual transfer the REBA score was 4 (very high risk level) whereas REBA score for more than 80% of the users in mechanical handling was 2 indicating medium risk level. Conclusion: According to the findings, using mechanical assistive device increased the users’ and the clients’ comfort, reduced the users’ physical exertion, and improved their working postures. It is believed that using mechanical patient handling aid device may reduce MSDs risk among HCWs.}, Keywords = {Evaluation, Comfort, Safety, Musculoskeletal disorders, Assistive device}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1567-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1567-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {FarhangDehghan, Somayeh and Golbabaei, Farideh and Maddah, Bozorgmehr and Yarahmadi, Rasoul and SadighZadeh, Asghar}, title = {Fabrication and Optimization of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber for Application in Air Filtration}, abstract ={Background and aims: In nanofibrous filters, morphological properties, diameter of fibers and porosity percent of media are the most filtration characteristics. Therefore, the present study aimed to optimize the electrospinning parameters for reaching to the desired values of the mentioned filter characteristics. Method: For this purpose, a study design was prepared using response surface methodology (RSM), in which electrospinning factors such as solution concentration, applied voltage and electrospinning distance were considered input variables and the fiber diameter, porosity, bead number and average bead diameter to average fiber diameter (ABD/AFD) ratio were considered the output variables. Morphological features of fibers and porosity of media were done through image processing approach of Scanning Emission Microscopy (SEM) images. Results: Maximum concentration in assessed range can provide the best morphology and also the maximum diameter. The highest correlation coefficient has been seen between fiber diameter and solution concentration (p <0.05, r=0.73). Porosity and applied voltage represent the strongest relationship (p >0.05, r=0.39).  There was the significant relationship between both concentration and electrospinning distance and bead size (r=-1.6, r=0.56, respectively). Bead number was decreased specially with increase in concentration. Conclusion: Totally, RSM could well determine the relationship between input and response variables. High regression coefficient in mathematical models indicated the importance of the experimental values. The validation test shown the experimental data are in good agreement with the predicted ones.}, Keywords = {Nanofibrous Filter, Optimization, Response Surface Methodology, Fiber Diameter, Porosity, Bead}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {11-23}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1538-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1538-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Shirali, Gholam Abbas and Khademian, Fazlollah}, title = {Analysis of workplace safety climate using Nordic questionnaire: a case study in a metal industry}, abstract ={Background and aims: Today, to improve workplace safety, more focus is on organizational and managerial factors including the organization climate and in particular the safety climate. Given that safety perception and attitudes of employees toward workplace safety situation is different in an organization so, for measuring these differences in the various conditions, including different job positions and type of work contract can be used standardized questionnaires.The aim of this study was to analysis of the safety climate using Nordic questionnaire in a metal industry  Methods: In this study was used the Nordic NOSACQ-50 questionnaire to measuring safety climate among different employee groups of a metal industry. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed among employees, the results of safety climate scores obtained by 267 employees were analyzed using SPSS 20. In this study were evaluated the influence of job position, shift work, type of work contracts, job type (clerical and non-clerical) and demographic variables on perception of safety climate. Findings: Calculation of the mean safety climate scores showed that the total mean of safety climate was 2/88. The highest and the lowest score were related to workers’ trust in the efficacy of safety systems (3.35) and management safety justice (2.69), respectively. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and experience with safety climate. Similarly, there is a significant relationship between the job position and job type with safety climate. But, there was not observed significant relationship between variables such as shift work, education level and type work contract with the safety climate. Results: The results of this study show the importance of evaluating safety climate among the different work groups. Especially managers and employees with more age and experience have a more positive perception of the safety of their workplace safety. Workplace stressors may also have a negative impact on the safety climate. Keywords: Safety climate, Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ)}, Keywords = {Safety climate, Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ)}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {25-38}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1496-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1496-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Yarahmadi, Rasoul and borhanijebeli, maryam and Teymoori, Shahi}, title = {survay of effectiveness of Practical and Lecture Training Methods on Skill of Electric Technicians based on TIER Model}, abstract ={Background and aims: One of the reasons of electric shocks is failure to provide efficient training to the individual. The aim of this study is compare the effectiveness of practical and lecture training methods on skill and ability of electrical technicians in recognizing and control electrical hazards by TIER model. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental (before and after type). First stage, training need assessment was conducted using DACUM model, being immediately followed by the pilot test results a sample of 61 workers of Steam Generator and 61 workers of Electric Generator were randomly selected. In second stage, two performance tests performed separately one month before and after treatment sessions then the validity and reliability of tests were calculated. Then selected intervention methods, ‘Hands-on Practice’ method for vapor generator personnel and ‘Classroom’ method for generator personnel, were assigned to the treatment groups within three sessions separately. Results: After education, scores of skill and ability in steam generator staff were 13.10, 15.27 and in generators staff group were 7.24, 11.81. And ability and skills scores in both groups showed significant differences (p < 0.001). Conclusion: “Hands-on practice” was more effective than “lecture method” to increase first-aid skills and electrical hazard recognition abilities.}, Keywords = {: Training, Electrical Safety, Skill, Ability, TIER, Hands-on Practice, Lecture}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {39-49}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1007-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1007-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Parno, Ayob and Sayehmiri, Korosh and mokarami, Hamidreza and parno, Mohsen and Azrah, Keykaous and Ebrahimi, Mohammad Hossein and Poursadeghiyan, Mohse}, title = {The Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Lower Limbs among Iranian Workers: A Meta-Analysis Study}, abstract ={Background and and aims: In the last decades musculoskeletal disorders are increasing all over the world have been developed. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the lower limbs in order to achieve perfect results with high statistical power, meta-analysis was performed.  Methods: In a systematic review and meta-analysis work-related musculoskeletal disorders data were investigated. Some keywords were searched in accessible databases and engineers including SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Medlib, IranMedex, and PubMed. In general, 27 articles during 2001 to 2010 were gathered. I2 index was used to evaluate heterogeneity of articles and ultimate data were analyzed using random effects models. Results: The total sample size in the studies has done in Iran, was 6090 patients with a mean of 225 samples per study. Musculoskeletal disorders were studied at various jobs that are generally confidence level  (CL) 95%: lower back 50% (42.5–57.5), hips  and thighs 20.7% (16.4-25)، knees 42.1% (35.1–49.1) and Ankles and feet 27.7%(18.8–36.7), respectively. Conclusion: Work related musculoskeletal disorders in the lower limbs, especially in lower back and knees in comparison with other similar studies were more. Occupational health and ergonomics training on prevention of these disorders, especially for these limbs among Iranian workers is recommended.}, Keywords = {musculoskeletal disorders, prevalence, meta-analysis, systematic review, Iranian workers}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {50-59}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1435-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1435-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Golhosseini, Seyyed Mohammad Javad and Poorghorbani, Mohammad Hasan and Omidi, Saeed and Izakshiriyan, Hadise}, title = {The Assessment of Relationship between Noise Exposure at Workplace and Sleep Quality}, abstract ={Background and aims: Noise is one of the troubles in industrial world and numerous people are affected by it. Sleep disturbance is a harmful effect of exposure to noise. High quality of sleep is an important factor in health and well-being so its decline can threaten persons’ health and even their safety. The current study was conducted to assess the relationship between exposure to noise and quality of sleep among workers in an industry. Methods: 86 workers from an industrial company participated in this descriptive and case-control study. Interference variables were recognized by a designed questionnaire. Moreover, an advanced sound level meter (CEL-450) and Pittsburgh standard questionnaire were used to measure the noise level and the quality of sleep. Results: The average of exposure to noise was 83.31±2.36 and 56.91±5.12 dB and the results of sleep quality scores were 6.19 and 3.81 in experimental and control group respectively. The statistical test showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control group in their sleep quality (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings illustrated that occupational noise is the important factor in sleep disturbance among the exposed people. Due to the effect of sleep quality on people´s performance and their mental health, it´s essential to pay more attention to this issue.}, Keywords = {Occupational Noise, Sleep Quality, Pittsburgh Questionnaire}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {60-70}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1498-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1498-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Asgari, parvaneh and Mahmoudi, mokhtar and Hekmatpou, davood and khajehGoodari, mohammad and Rafiei, fatemeh and Tajik, rez}, title = {The effect of education of occupational safety on knowledge and improvement of employee performance during moving patients in intensive care units}, abstract ={Background and aims:Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries in nursing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of education of occupational safety on knowledge and improvement of employee performance during moving patients in intensive care units of hospitals. Methods:This study is an educational trial and was accomplished in Amiralmomenin and Vali-e-Asr educational hospitals in Arak. 60 subjects (nurses, health workers and services) were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In both groups, the rates of musculoskeletal disorders are assessed. Then intervention group was trained for safety instructions during moving patients, but the control group was not. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20. Results:Results showed that before intervention, both groups based on demographic characteristics and musculoskeletal disorders did not have significant different (P> 0.05). In intervention group a significant difference between knowledge level of before (12.73± 6.61) and after the intervention (88± 19.27) was seen (P <0.05). Results in control group showed no significant difference before (12.73 ± 11.6) and after (12.53 ± 12.37) the intervention (P> 0.05). Conclusion:The results showed that increasing the knowledge level of nurses and health workers about correct transportation of patients in intensive care units have had a surprisingly effectiveness on their knowledge levels and performances.}, Keywords = {Intensive care unit, Nurse, Safety instructions }, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {79-71}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1545-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1545-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sadighzadeh, Asghar and Jafari, Mohammad Javad and Omidi, Leila and Mohammadpour, Hass}, title = {An experimental study of the use of acoustic fields at high sound pressure levels for the removal of sulfuric acid mist from the air stream}, abstract ={Background and aims: Development of new air pollution control techniques have always been the main concern of the researchers. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of using acoustic fields at high sound pressure levels on the removal of sulfuric acid mist from the air stream. Methods: In this experimental study, an experimental scale agglomeration chamber was used. This study was conducted using standing waves at a total flow rate of 40 l/min, resonance frequency of 852 Hz, concentration of sulfuric acid mist in the range of 5-30 ppm, and sound pressure level (SPL) in the range of 115-165 dB. In order to measure the concentration of sulfuric acid mist in the acoustic agglomeration chamber, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard method 8 was used for sampling air isokinetically. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 for Windows. Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency of sulfuric acid mist in the acoustic agglomeration chamber significantly increased with increasing sound pressure level (P=0.001). The average efficiencies at 115, 135, 155, and 165 dB SPL were 22.75, 42.54, 64.27, and 78.69 percent, respectively. The results of statistical test did not show any significant differences in the removal efficiency of sulfuric acid mist in the acoustic agglomeration chamber at different input concentration ranges (P=0.985). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that acoustic fields have effects on agglomeration of sulfuric acid mists. It seems that the approach is appropriate for removing mists and reducing the level of emissions of contaminants into the environment.}, Keywords = {Acoustic fields, Sulfuric acid mist, Concentration, Efficiency.}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {80-87}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1558-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1558-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {yari, saee}, title = {Evaluation Quantitative (LPD) and Qualitative (NMQ) musculoskeletal disorders of workers and its relationship with the body mass index (BMI (in a paper making industry in 2015}, abstract ={Background and aims: occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) a major cause of disability and loss of productivity in developed countries and is one of the risk factors of these abnormalities is overweight, therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative musculoskeletal disorders of workers and its relationship with the body mass index. Methods: The industry has had 1,473 staff, Which in this cross-sectional study 520 individuals were randomly selected from different units and shifts so that at least one year of experience and with the full consent responded to NORDIC and LPD questionnaires. For validity and reliability of questionnaires was used alpha-Krumbach test and ultimately to determine the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders of the questionnaire together and with body mass index was performed Chi-square, regression and correlation tests using SPSS version 19. In this study, the significance level0.05 was considered. Results: This study showed that BMI had anyone was thin and in this respect the 32% normal, 41% overweight and 27% were obese. As well as between of two questionnaires in the lower and upper limb, knee, shoulder, hip and hand relation significant and in elbow and ankle organs relation insignificant and association between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs and lower back, knee, shoulder and hip were relation significant. Conclusion: Since the musculoskeletal disorders are aggregation with increases age, experience, daily working hours and second jobs as well as increases discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders. For obviation these disorders and discomforts recommended proper diet regime and exercise along with ergonomics training for workers. Also the researchers suggested pay more research in this base with LPD questionnaire in further.}, Keywords = {Keywords: Nordic questionnaire, Localized Postural Discomfort questionnaire, body mass index, musculoskeletal disorders.}, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {88-97}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1559-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1559-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {khandan, Mohammad and koohpaei, Alirez}, title = {Assessment and Analysis of Ergonomics Conditions Based on TOPSIS in a Manufacturing Company}, abstract ={Background and aims: TOPSIS as a method in Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) helps decision maker(s) to organize and analyze problems, and to rank alternatives. In this paper, the ergonomic risks factors which may influence health are addressed in a manufacturing company in 2014. Then TOPSIS method is applied to select the different halls that are prioritized in terms of action level and ergonomic conditions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done as a descriptive-analytic procedure. It considers conditions in seven halls and 13 tasks were included. Required Information gathered by the demographic questionnaire and ART method for repetitive task assessment. Also TOPSIS as a suitable multi criteria decision making instrument was used to prioritization of company halls. SPSS V20 and MATLAB are used to compute the variables. Results: The total exposure score based on the ART method equals to 30.07±12.43 were calculated. Data analysis from ART illustrated that 179 cases (74.6% of tasks) were in the high level of risk area and 13.8% were in the medium level of risk. ART-TOPSIS results revealed that Leher hall has been placed in the top lists of action level and degradation hall in the end of this list. Conclusion: obtained results showed that the TOPSIS method can be used to ergonomic and human factor engineering challenges successfully. It seems that, macro and micro ergonomic solution presentation besides employee's collaboration, based on the scientific decision-making procedures (with employer's cooperation motivation), can leads to effectiveness in health level enhancement of industrial setting increasingly.}, Keywords = {Ergonomic risk factors, ART method, MCDM, TOPSIS }, volume = {13}, Number = {5}, pages = {98-108}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1551-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1551-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tanha, F and Rangkooy, H A and Jaafarzadeh, N and Valipour, F and Arefian, I}, title = {A study on photocatalytic removal of Toluene from air using ZnO-SnO2 coupled oxide immobilized on Activated Carbon}, abstract ={Background and aims: Toluene is a toxic volatile organic compound that needs to be removed from contaminated air. Photocatalytic degradation is one of the techniqe available for removeing of compound. This study was performed to determine the efficiency of ZnO-SnO2/AC catalyst on the photocatalytic removal of toluene vapors. Methods: In this experimental study, the characteristics of the produced catalyst were evaluated by determining the specific surface area using the BET method and examining the images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of toluene degradation was examined using the ZnO-SnO2 / AC catalyst under UV radiation. The effect of initial concentration of toluene and intensity of UV radiation on the degradation of toluene was studied as well. Results: The results of specific surface area measurements and SEM images indicate that a proportion of the Zno-Sno2 nano-coupled oxides agglomerate on the AC, also entering into the pores. Also,  the  combination  of  AC  with ZnO-SnO2 nano-coupled oxides   had  a  synergetic  effect  on  the  photocatalytic degradation  of  toluene.  The results showed that the system efficiency decreases with increasing the initial concentration of toluene input. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of toluene positively associated with the intensity of ultraviolet radiation. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the  ZnO-SnO2 / AC catalyst may be a practical and promising way to degrade the toluene under UV irradiation.}, Keywords = {Toluene, ZnO-SnO2, Activated Carbon, Photocatalytic Degradation}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1594-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1594-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {dormohammadi, A and Mohammadfam, I and Zarei, E}, title = {Presentation of a practical framework for performance assessment of HSE in construction contractors}, abstract ={Background and Aims: Performance assessment of the HSE-MS in the contractors is a key step in the contractor’s management process and it forms the basis of continuous improvement. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a practical model for the performance assessment of Health, Safety and Environment Management System (HSE-MS) of construction contractors. Methods: In this analytical-practical study, after determining the main factors and indicators related to each of them, the questionnaire was built and then, the process of its validity and reliability were conducted. The importance of the main factors and their indicators were identified by using the questionnaire along with a poll of three groups of HSE experts in a holding company. Afterward, the results of the expert opinions were investigated and the corresponding formulas were used for calculating of the relative importance of main factors and their indicators. The performance indicators score in order to build the model was calculated. At the end, in order to validate the presented model, HSE performance of three large construction contractors in a holding company was evaluated. Results: developed model was composed of seven main factor and 123 indicators. Total score of contractor performance assessment in the project level can be a range between 80 (very poor performance) and 400 (very good performance) from the perspective of the HSE. The result of performance assessment in project level of three contractors shows that the HSE performance of first contractor was good and both second and third contractors were moderate. Conclusion: The proposed model can be used by employers of the large organizations to assess their HSE performance of contractors in level project. In addition, with regards to the output of assessing the contractors’ performance, the contractors can be graded according to their HSE performance and was used as an input in the selection of contractors for the future project.}, Keywords = {Performance assessment, HSE-MS, Contractor, Safety, Construction}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {10-22}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1572-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1572-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {RahimiPordanjani, T and MohamadzadeEbrahimi, A}, title = {The mediating role of safety motivation in relationship between of safety management practices and unsafe behaviors}, abstract ={Abstract: Background and aims: The present study tests a model of the relationship between safety management practices with unsafe behaviors and with of mediation of safety motivation. Methods: Research design was correlation through structural equation modeling (SEM) and the sample consisted of 265 employees of an industrial company who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Participants of this study completed safety management practices Scale, safety motivation scale and unsafe behaviors questionnaire. Reliability and validity all of questionnaires were accepted. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS-21 and SPSS-19 software packages was used for data analysis. In addition, Preacher and Hayes’ SPSS Macro program was used for testing mediation. Results: The results showed that the proposed model fit the data properly. Safety management practices have direct effect on unsafe behaviors and safety motivation (p<0.0001). Also the mediating effect of safety motivation in relationship between safety management practices and unsafe behaviors was confirmed (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Therefore, organizations can by increasing the safety management practices and also training to employees and supervisors to reinforce the safety motivation, reduce unsafe behaviors and followed to reduce occupational accidents.}, Keywords = {Unsafe behaviors, Safety management practices, Safety motivation, Employees}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {23-33}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1595-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1595-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Yarahmadi, R and Esrafili, A and Panjali, Z and Rashidi, M and BorhaniJebeli, M and Salahshour, A}, title = {Airborne contaminants evaluation of central animal housing of Iran University of medical sciences}, abstract ={Background and aims: Survay of the particulates, biological molecules and other harmful materials which enter into Earth's atmosphere as airborn agents is one of research intrest of health sciences. Animal housing laboratories for producing malodor especially near residential, educational and official areas can cause neighbors complainant. In order to overcome this challenge qualitative and quantitative evaluation of airborn contaminants of Iran university of medical scienses animal housing had been done. Method: In order to sampling and evaluation of the airborne contaminants in the animal housing the ASTM D3686-95 (for VOCs), ASTM D 4490-90 (for NH3, CO2 and, H2S) and, NIOSH 0500 (for total dusts) standard methods had been used. According to the survey goals apparatus and equipment were prepared and calibrated. Results: According to the results, the unspesified mixed dusts need controling measures and, also showed the presence of the toxic substances like xylene and ethyl benzene, 1, 2, 3-trimethyl Benzene. However the analyses of these show trace concentration of mixture exposure in the air. High number of animals in the small areas and large animal such as rabbits are responsible for more ammonia production. Conclusion: More frequently passing through the salons and geographical condition of the building and also natural ventilation of the laboratory all are good methods reducing the concentration of pollutions. In the other hand long times presence of employees in the laboratory could cause reduce sensitively. Nevertheless in order to increase employees and researcher welfare the implementation of general ventilation is recommended}, Keywords = {animal housing laboratory, ammonia, VOCs, carbone dioxid, H2S }, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {34-45}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1579-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1579-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khossravi, Y and Hassanzadeh-Rangi, N and Farshad, A A}, title = {Task and hazard analysis of metro drivers and recommendations to improvement}, abstract ={Background and aims: Metro driving is one of the newest jobs in Iran. Therefore, there are few studies were conducted on the tasks and hazards of metro drivers. The objective of this study was task and hazard analysis of metro drivers to recommend control measures. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Metro organization in Tehran during 2012-2013. In this mixed method study, data generation was made through field observations, document reviews, individual interviews, focus group interviews and focus group discussions. Many models and techniques include Task Analysis, Organizational Accident Model, Energy Model, Human Factor Analysis and Classification, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, Event Tree Analysis, Management Oversight and Risk Tree, Risk Priority Number, and Lower and Upper Control Levels were used to data analysis. Results: Metro driving has both many tasks and hazards. Most hazards were under upper control level while Automatic Train Protection (ATP) was active. In contrast, when ATP was inactive, most hazards were over upper control level. Conclusion: Commitment to customer over commitment to safety was root cause of all of systematic failures and hazards in metro driving job and operation. Establishment of permit-to-work system can control many of hazards while ATP is inactive.  }, Keywords = {Task analysis, Hazard analysis, Risk assessment, Metro driver }, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {46-57}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1562-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1562-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jenaabadi, H and Pilechi, L and Salmabadi, M and TayaraniRad, A}, title = {The Effectiveness of Training Mindfulness Skills in Professional Stress and Psychological Well-being of Female Teachers}, abstract ={Background and aims: Mindfulness is a technique that is used to reduce stress and promote psychological well-being. The present study was conducted to determine the Effectiveness of training the mindfulness skills on professional stress and psychological well-being of female teachers in Qazvin.  Methods: This study is a semi-experimental one with pretest-posttest and a control group, which its population consisted of all female high school teachers in city of Qazvin. The sample size was 30 individuals that were selected by voluntarily sampling method. Osipow’s Professional Stress Questionnaire and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (short form) were used as the instruments of measurement. At first, all 30 participants completed the questionnaires (pre-test). Then the participants were divided into experimental and control groups (15 individuals in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of training mindfulness skills, but the control group did not receive any training and was on the waiting list. Next, both groups completed the questionnaires (post-test).  Results: The mean score of pre-test in professional stress in experimental group was 27.34±133.93 and in control group was 22.55±127.33, and the mean score of post-test in experimental group was 19.73±100.86 and in control group was 17.86±128.46). The mean score of pre-test in psychological well-being in experimental group was 7.46±88.06, and in control group was 11.02±85.86 and the mean score of post-test in psychological well-being in experimental group was 5.15±97.13 and in control group was 9.17±85.60. The results of analysis of covariance showed that professional stress of teachers in the experimental group compared to control group after the intervention has significantly reduced, and the components of professional stress and psychological well-being increased in the experimental group compared to those of the control group (P<0.05).  Conclusion: Training the mindfulness skills was effective in reducing professional stress and enhancing psychological well-being of female teachers in Qazvin. Therefore, we can take steps to increase psychological well-being and reduce teachers' professional stress by holding the mindfulness skill training through in-service trainings.}, Keywords = {Mindfulness, professional stress, psychological well-being}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {58-69}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1574-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1574-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Saremi, M and Pakghohar, A and Saremi, M}, title = {Work ability and its relation with productivity in bank staff}, abstract ={Background and aims: Nowadays, the basic role of human resources in the socio-economic activities has made it the most important element of each society; which takes a vital place in promoting productivity. One of the most important factors affecting human productivity is the amount of fit between worker and his/her work. The aim of this study is to evaluate bankers work ability and to investigate its relationship with their productivity. Methods: 117 bankers were volunteered to participate into this study. Data was collected by means of questionnaire. Demographic and job related information such as age, seniority, education was asked. The Work Ability Index was used to assess work ability and the Quantity-Quality questionnaire was applied to measure productivity. Data was analyzed with SPSS software using Pearson correlation methods. Results: According to our results, the mean WAI was 40.43±  4.9. In the case of presenteeism, productivity of bankers reduced by 4.2 ± 2.1, as compared to the normal condition. WAI has a significant relationship with productivity (p = 0.011; r = -0.3). Conclusion: Since there is a positive correlation between reduced productivity and reduced working ability, appropriate strategies should be taken into account in order to stabilize acceptable working capacity. In addition to reduce costs, such interventions, through increasing staff motivation and satisfaction, could facilitate the path to promote productivity.                                     Keywords: work ability, productivity, bank staff, questionnaire.}, Keywords = {work ability, productivity, bank staff, questionnaire. }, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {70-78}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1612-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1612-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Effect of Stress Management Education on Firefighters Stress in Rasht}, abstract ={Background and aims: Job stress is a major problem in the modern world and a main concern for organizations. Rescue workers, including firefighters constantly exposed to toxins, high emotional shock and stress resulted from physical injuries while performing their duty. Development of job stress in firefighters decreases occupational motivation and ultimately leads to productivity reduction. There is no problem even if the work is inherently stressful, but when a person loses a sense of control, higher stress takes over him. People who are better educated have broader solutions to cope with stress. This study aimed at investigating the effect of stress management education on stress of Rasht firefighters. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. 128 firefighters who completed the first phase of HSE Job Stress Questionnaire and showing higher stress were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in two class sessions of three hours on stress management. Two weeks after the end of the educational session, a questionnaire was distributed and completed for both groups. In the follow-up study after one month, the questionnaire was distributed in the experimental group and the results were evaluated. Results: The mean score of stress in the experimental and control group changed slightly before and after the intervention. It was observed that the mean increased slightly in the experimental group and decreased slightly in the control group, and this difference was not statistically significant. Of the stress areas, there were statistically significant differences in the relationship and change. In the area of relationship, it was observed statistically significant difference before, two weeks and a month after the intervention (p=0.05). In the area of change, there was a significant decrease in the score of the control group (p=0.03). This reduction was not observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: Stress management education was effective in improving the area of relationship in the experimental group. It seemed that decline in the area of change in the control group and lack of decrease in the same area in the experimental group was due to remarkable changes and movement at workplace, and the experimental group could adjusted themselves because of receiving stress management education. Based on the results of this study, stress management education was effective in keeping the stress score constant in the experimental group and prevented stress condition worsening. According to the findings of the study and the impact of stress management education to prevent firefighters stress condition worsening, it is suggested that the educational program implemented as a permanent educational plan at the fire stations.}, Keywords = {Job-related stress, Firefighters, Stress management}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {79-86}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1642-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1642-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Moloudpourfard, B and Rasoulzadeh, Y and Alizadeh, Seyed Shamseddi}, title = {Risk assessment of Cephalexin Crystals production unit in one of the pharmaceutical companies using LOPA technique}, abstract ={Background and aim: For prevention of accidents in chemical processes, the use of multiple layers of protection is essential. In this regard, the analysis of adequacy and use of protective layer resistance is a necessity. In this study the level of protection layers security of Cephalexin Crystals production unit of one the pharmaceutical companies is examined. Methods: In this descriptive study the existing hazards in Cephalexin Crystals production unit of one the pharmaceutical companies assessed LOPA technique. Therefore, with visiting and inspecting the Cephalexin Crystals production unit which Cephalexin Crystals production occurs in four reactors, using HAZOP technique the risks were identified. Then, using LOPA technique that is an analysis and risk assessment technique, protective layers were analyzed and finally the risk number calculated. Results: Using this method the 104 scenarios were identified. Of the 104 Scenarios the 102 Scenarios were at acceptable levels and only two scenarios needed to management's judgment to determine whether further reductions are needed or not. Conclusion: LOPA technique is a useful method for assessing the adequacy of the independent protective layers in the Cephalexin Crystals production unit of the pharmaceutical company. The results showed that calculation of the some initiating event frequency using specific tables is not possible. Therefore, expert judgment and the exchange of experiences are emphasized. Because of the direct involvement of experts in risk assessment, the skill of the team in determining the authenticity and accuracy of the results is very important and hence calibration and evaluation procedures are also important.}, Keywords = {safety, hazard, risk assessment, LOPA}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {87-97}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1601-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1601-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {salmanzadeh, hamed and maysami, ali mohamm}, title = {Assign construction tasks among group of workers with respect to minimizing total work risk on the base of DOISIS-MODEL}, abstract ={Background and aims: Evaluation of physical pressure during different working conditions is one of the important and applicable aspects of human factors engineering at industrial and construction environments. accurate calculation of physical pressure helps to improve working condition and status of workers. On of the challenges that experts faced with is the optimal assignment of human resources to the diverse tasks with respect to physical features of them. Methods: In this study, we chose 9 casual construction works to clarify our subject. Then we measure the pressure on lumbar area for all person during different position. In order to measuring the pressure, we assume average time that each person be in the different position in a single shift. After that we calculate work risks by means of Chaffin and Doisis model. At the next step in order to assign work to workers we use a linear programming model at which the cost of assignments is equal to work risks and the objective function is to minimize total work risk. Finally, by solving the model, best assignment is achieved. Results: Since we choose 5th percentiles to 95th percentiles anthropometric features, we find out that by increasing height and weight, the risk of all works increases too. However, by means of proposed method, we can make a decision that minimizes person’s work risk. Conclusion: Persons that has higher anthropometric features are not suitable for these kind of construction works and their risk increases up to 20% with respect to other ones. Also using mentioned method for decreasing total work risk among people is made benefits.}, Keywords = {ergonomic, work risk, assignment, lumbar pressure}, volume = {13}, Number = {6}, pages = {98-104}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1611-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1611-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2017} }