@article{ author = {Alimohamadi, I.}, title = {Occupational Noise}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-3}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Monazzam, MR.}, title = {Performance of profiled noise barriers covered with welled diffusersurfaces}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {Noise barrier; Diffusers; Boundary Element method}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {4-18}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Sedighi, B and ShojaeArani, A and Mozaffari, NA and Taher, A}, title = {Bacterial Contamination of DifferentTypes of Paper Currency in Iran During 2005}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {Paper currency, bacterial infection, money infection}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-22}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Golmohammadi, R and Ziad, M and Atari, SG}, title = {Assessment Of Noise Pollution And Its Effects On Stone Cut IndustryWorkers Of MalayerDistrict}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {Noise, stone cut industries, SPL, NIHL}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-27}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shahtaheri, SJ and Khadem, M and Golbabaei, F and Rahimi-Froushani, A}, title = {Purification and concentration of lead samples in biological monitoring of occupational exposures}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {Lead, Sample preparation, Atomic absorption spectrometery}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {28-36}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Ozgoli, G and Bathaiee, A and MirmohamadAli, H and AlaviMajd, M}, title = {Musculoskeletal Symptoms AssessmentAmong Midwives, Hamedan , 2002}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal disorders, Midwives, Ergonomic}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-42}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shahrabi, J and Dorosti, AR}, title = {Study Of Blood Lead Levels, Hemoglobin & Plasma AscorbicAcid In ACarCompanyWelders}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {Blood Lead Levels, Hemoglobin, Ascorbic Acid, Cigarette, Welder}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-49}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Shirali, G and Adl, J}, title = {How to perform Energy Trace & BarrierAnalysis (ETBA) in industries? Acase study in Isomax Unit of Tehran refinery}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {hazard, energy, vulnerable targets, Tehran refinery}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-49}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Golbabaei, F and Kohpae, A and Nazemian, H and Shahtaheri, SJ}, title = {Evaluation of AirPollution Control fromViewpoints of Cost- Benefit Analysis in a Tile Industry}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.  }, Keywords = {Air pollution, Tile quality, Cost-Benefit analysis, Dust}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Kazempour, M and Alimohamadi, I}, title = {Investigation and comparison of Interfering noises in speech in a factory}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {64-69}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Heidari, MH and Salmani, H and Nazari, Y}, title = {Usage of Failure Mode & EffectAnalysis Method (FMEA) forsafety assessment in a drug manufacture}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.}, Keywords = {Failure Mode , Effect Analysis, Risk, Drug Manufacture}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {70-75}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Aghilinejad, M and Jamaati, H and Farshad, A and Mostafaie, M and Shidfar, F and Atari, G}, title = {Investigation of prevalence rate of silicosis in silica powderproduction workers in Azandarian-Malayer in 2001-2002}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.  }, Keywords = {Silicosis, lung disease, health problem, Spiro meter, chest x-ray}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {76-80}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Aghilinejad, M and Farshad, A and Naghavi, M and Haghani, H}, title = {Assessment of the relationship between pesticide and theireffects on farmerhealth in various state}, abstract ={  Click here to see abstract.  }, Keywords = {Pests, Hazardous factors, Chemical Poisons, Pesticide}, volume = {3}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-85}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.html}, eprint = {}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Taghdisi, M.H.}, title = {Editorial}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-470-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-470-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Farshad, A.A. and Khosravi, Y. and Alizadeh, SS.}, title = {The Role of HSE management System in Improving health, safety and environment performance in an Oil Organization}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Nowadays, organisations: trying to utilize HSE system, To establish an appropriate system in the line of maintenance and promotion of healthy work environment without any accidents, injuries, and pollution.  HSE management system is a tool to control and improve the performance of health and safety  and environment in all development programs of industrial and other structural organizations. This is in fact an integrated system, so that all human financial and equipment resources will support each other to provide a healthy and convenience environment with no any accident and injuries.   Methods   In this case study all components of an HSE management system is review briefly and explain the role of this system in accident reduction rate and work efficiency in an oil company in the Persian Golf.Three years activities of HSE system in this company been studied, using all  reports and any related documents. Different variances as indicators had been defined with which  the annual performance of the HSE system, of the company have been evaluated.   Results   The results show that there are significant improvement in health, safety and environment during the period of 2001-2003 as HSE system implemented.  The rate of LTIF decreased from 0.69 in 2001 to 0.5 in 2003 or FAR decreased from 2.2 in 2001 to  0.7 in 2003, and the air pollution of SO 2 decreased from 397 T. in 2001 to 309T. in 2003.   Conclusion   This study indicated that although the number of employees, number of working hours and number of projects increased significantly during the years 2001 to 2003, but the rate of  different related indicators decreased such as LTIF, TRIR, FAR and pollutants like SO 2 , Co 2 , No  and CH4.}, Keywords = {Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), Lost Time Injury Frequency (LTIF), Fatal Accident Rate (FAR), Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR)}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {2-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-471-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-471-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Choobineh, A. and Nouri, E. and Arjmandzadeh, A. and Mohamadbaigi, A.}, title = {Musculoskeletal Disorders among Bank Computer Operators}, abstract ={  Backgrand and aims   In recent years, computer application has been essential in nearly all kinds of job activities. Few jobs may be found in which computers are not applied. Studies have shown high rate of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among computer operators. Since computer is used widely in banks, bank operators are considered as main users of computers in the workplace  and accordingly are encountered to the health hazards of working with computers. This study was  conducted with the aim of determination of MSDs prevalence among bank computer operators.   Methods   In this cross-sectional study, 287 randomly selected computer operators from 59 banks  of Shiraz city participated. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to study prevalence of MSDs.   Results   The results of NMQ revealed that the rates of MSDs prevalence in the past 12 months were 59.6% in shoulders, 58.2% in neck, 54.7% in upper back, 51.2% in lower back, 48.8% in wrists, 39.4% in knees, 31.7% in legs, 28.9% in elbows and 21.6% in thighs. Based on the results, the highest rates of MSDs prevalence were reported in shoulders, neck, upper back and lower back. Statistical analysis revealed significant association between job experience and prevalence  of MSDs in knees¡ thighs and legs (P<0.05). those was analysis also a significant association  between sex and prevalence of MSDs in shoulders, wrists and thighs (P<0.05).   Conclusion   MSDs, particularly upper limbs disorders and back problems, occurred in high rate  among bank computer operators. Regarding this, implementing interventional ergonomic  program in the bank workplace seems essential. Appropriate workstation design, increasing  operators' awareness of ergonomics principles in computer operation, job rotation and variation can be considered as parts of this interventional program.}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders, Bank operators, Computer users}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {3-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-472-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-472-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {KoleiniMamaghani, N. and Mosaddad, SH. and SaffarDezfuli, M.}, title = {Assessment of Muscular Activity by Mechanomyogram(MMG)}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Recordings of electrical activity in the muscle and surface electromyography (EMG) have been widely used in the field of applied physiology. In parallel to  recording of the EMG, the detectable low-frequency vibration signal generated by the skeletal  muscle has been known and well documented. As the nature of the signal has been progressively   revealed, the term of mechanomyography (MMG) has been proposed by a recent review. The  main mechanism of the MMG generation has been considered to be sound pressure waves due to  the dimensional changes, i.e., lateral expansion of the activated muscle fibres.   Methods   Low-frequency vibrations produced by muscle fibres are clearly distinguishable from  the EMG, because MMG and EMG exhibit differences in response latency, spike duration, and  frequency. During voluntary contraction at constant force the MMG frequency content does not   change significantly.   Results   This suggests that the frequency of MMG signal is directly related to the absolute force level of the muscle, irrespective of fatigue phenomena. At low force contractions, in contrast to   EMG signal, the changes in the amplitude content of the MMG are more consistent with muscle  fatigue. This indicated that the amplitude of MMG signal might be recommended as a method to  improve the objective and reliable detection of muscle fatigue induced by low force contraction.   Conclusion   MMG is most likely a valuable supplement to EMG as a non-invasive method to  examine various aspects of muscle function including fatigue, electromechanical delay, muscle fibre type patterns, age related changes in muscular performance, muscle atrophy, and neuromuscular performance.}, Keywords = {Mechanomyogram, Electromyogram, Biological signal, Contracting muscle, Fatigue}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {4-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-473-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-473-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {NaslSaraji, J. and Ghaffari, M. and Shahtaheri, SJ.}, title = {Survey of Correlation between Two Evaluation Method of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk Factors REBA; RULA}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Musculoskeletal disorder is one of the biggest occupational health problems in workplaces of industries. According to the national statistics, the proportion of musculoskeletal diseases of all occupation diseases in the United States is 44% (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1996). On the basis of report of National Institute Occupational Safety and Health of USA(NIOSH), WMSDs is in the second place between the work-related diseases. Poor working  postures constitute one of the main risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Recognition,  evaluation and control action for prevention of occur disorders is important to protect and  promotion of workers health. For evaluation of WMSDs risk factor, various methods have been  presented. Two practical methods for analyzing and controlling poor working postures in  workplaces are REBA and RULA.   Methods   This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in order to survey of  correlation between two evaluation methods of WMSDs risk factors REBA; RULAin one of the ophthalmic lens manufacture factory.At first, jobs were surveyed and all subtasks of jobs recognized and 40 jobs out of 77 were selected. Then REBA; RULAmethods were carried out  for this jobs. Also, The final scores and action levels were determined.   Results   The result revealed that: there was a significant correlation between final score of two  methods (r = 0.781) and action levels of two methods (r=0.821). Compare to action levels, two  methods in all jobs showed that There was no significant difference between action levels at jobs  (p = 0.16) also between action levels of two methods in any of workplaces separately.  Result of REBA; RULAmethods revealed that risk level of lower arm, upper arm and wrist was  higher than trunk, neck, and legs because of awkward posture of the mentioned parts. Result of  RULAand REBAtechnique indicated that, action levels of all jobs were not acceptable.   Conclusion   On the basis of mentioned result above, this study indicated that, there was no  significant correlation between two methods and methods have a strong correlation in identifying  critical work site and determining critical limb. Therefore, both methods are recommended for   evaluation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders risk factors in industries}, Keywords = {work-Related musculoskeletal Disorders, (MSDs), REBA, RULA, Correlation methods, Occupational Risk Factors}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {5-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-475-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-475-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Golbabaei, F. and Mamdouh, M. and NouriJelyani, K. and Shahtaheri, SJ.}, title = {Exposure to Methyl Methacrylate and its Subjective SymptomsAmong Dental Technicians,Tehran-Iran}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) which is known as a long, skin and eye  irritant is the most common form of acrylic plastic used in dental laboratories. The aims of this study were to evaluate dental technicians, exposure to MMAand to assess their health with a focus  on respiratory and dermal symptoms.   Methods   Exposure to MMA, total dust and health symptoms were investigated in 20 dental  laboratories located in Tehran, Iran. Time weighted average (TWA) of MMA and peak  concentrations were determined , using XAD-2 tubes followed by GC-ID analysis. Total dust  were evaluated gravimetrically. Health symptoms were asked using a questionnaire.   Results   The TWAfor technicians with direct and indirect exposure to MMAwere 327.28 + 79.42  and 282.9 + 41.84 mg/m3, respectively. Peak concentration of MMA for those technicians were  337.0 + 36.81 and 328.88 + 45.40 mg/m3, respectively. There were no significant differences  between TWAof MMAand peak concentration in different weakly workdays low ever, within -  day variations were observed (P<0.05). TWAof MMA and peak concentration correlation with  the laboratory volume were 0.61- 0.65, Dust exposure of technicians was 2.35 + 2.70 mg/m3. Cough and Skin dryness were the common health symptoms. Smoking and asbestos exposure history were factors influencing cough prevalence (P<0.005).   Conclusion   It is concluded that the current short - Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is not low enough to protect technicians against the adverse effects caused by MMA.  }, Keywords = {Methyl Methacrylate (MMA), dental technicians, dental laboratories , health symptoms, Time- weighted Average (TWA) Concentration, Peak Concentration}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {6-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-476-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-476-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {YousefiAghkand, M. and Farshad, A.A. and Arghami, SH.}, title = {Evaluation & Identification of Hazards for Employees in Oil Exploration Seismic Operations with Job Safety Analysis Method}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Global -and local (Iran)- accident fact sheets show that increasing development of products, changing in technology and materials & new instruments appliances  have resulted more injuries and fatalities in various industries. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is one of  the various methods to identify and evaluate the hazards.   Methods   This case study was carried out in Abadan seismic field. Data gathering and completion  of the JSA worksheets were carried out through one-to-one observations, interviews,  photography, video tape recording, historical data and checklists.   Results   Ten tasks, 55 steps, 155 hazards and 301 corrective and prevention actions were identified during this study to be eliminated.   Conclusion   Based on findings¡ an Emergency Response Plan and 10 safe operation procedures were developed. It is revealed that in outdoor environment, unsafe conditions are focused more in JSA.}, Keywords = {hazard, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), accident, seismic, oil exploration}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {7-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-477-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-477-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Golmohammad, R. and Hassani, M. and Zamanparvar, A. and Oliaei, M. and Aliabadi, M. and Mahdavi, S.}, title = {Comparing the Heat Stress Index of HSI and WBGT in BakeryWorkplaces in Hamadan}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Thermal stress is one of the important issues of physical stress in workplaces. Bakery workers that are one of widely population that under occupation heat stress. In this study, heat stress indexes consist of HSI and WBGT in worker positions in total of 88  bakeries in Hamadan city was assessed.   Methods   In this study 88 bakery workplace was considered. Measuring of air variables to obtain  of HSI and WBGTheat stress indices was performed by axial fan anemometer, WBGTmeter and  hygrometer made in CASELLA CompanyIn this study 88 bakery workplace was considered.   Measuring of air variables to obtain of HSI and WBGTheat stress indices was performed by axial fan anemometer, WBGTmeter and hygrometer made in CASELLACompany.   Results   Results showed that the average HSI index (214.2 ± 43.7 %) and the average work experience were (28.57±1.97 C). Analyzing of results showed that Pearson's correlation of coefficient between HSI and WBGT was equal to 0.509. Depending of HSI to air velocity was considerable (r = -0.811) that was not expected.   Conclusion   Values of HSI index had a wide scatter in variances in study fields comparing of  WBGTindex that had a minimal scatter, whereas those are measuring of variables and computing of indexes were same workplaces. Finally, although both heat indexes showed exceeded values form criteria, but calibration between HSI and WBGT in this study, showed that, the HSI index  had any weakness.    }, Keywords = {heat stress index, Bakery, HSI, WBGT}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {8-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-478-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-478-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Pourabdian, S. and Habibi, E. and Goshiri, P. and Hassanzadeh, A. and Sheari, A.}, title = {Serial peak flowmetry changes in workers of colour production part of paint factory}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Respiratory diseases are one of the more Prevalence occupational diseases in colour Production industries. Because chemical hazard that are present in such  industries improving screening methods is essential. There is some kind of respiratory function  evaluation methods it seems that serial peak flowmetry has found a new place.   MethodS   In this cross sectional study we did serial peak flowmetry in 30 workers of a colour  production factory in 14days.Crude and means data were collected from each day and then were compared to another days data. Evaluation of two weeks data helped us to omit confounding   variables.So coherency of two weeks data were confirmed validity of study.   Results   Mean degree of peak flowse due to last workday in propotion of first work day were significantly different (p<0.001). This manner was repeated in data of second week(p<0.001) ;  (r=0.908). peak flow daily changes pattern showed decrease in end of the shift more than beginning  of day. 17 workers who had significant changes did not how any pathologic signs in routine annual  spirometry. Most changes were due to first workday in opposite to last workday (35±16.5 in  contrast 33.6 ±11.8)   Conclusion   According to results of this study it seems that serial peak flowmetry test is more  sensitive in screening and evaluation workers respiratory function in proportion of routine annual  spirometry.    }, Keywords = {Color, factory, peak flowmetry, paint}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {9-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-480-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-480-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Pourabdian, S. and Habibi, E. and Goshiri, P. and Hassanzadeh, A. and Sheari, A.}, title = {Serial peak flowmetry changes in workers of colour production part of paint factory}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Respiratory diseases are one of the more Prevalence occupational diseases in colour Production industries. Because chemical hazard that are present in such  industries improving screening methods is essential. There is some kind of respiratory function  evaluation methods it seems that serial peak flowmetry has found a new place.   MethodS   In this cross sectional study we did serial peak flowmetry in 30 workers of a colour  production factory in 14days.Crude and means data were collected from each day and then were compared to another days data. Evaluation of two weeks data helped us to omit confounding   variables.So coherency of two weeks data were confirmed validity of study.   Results   Mean degree of peak flowse due to last workday in propotion of first work day were significantly different (p<0.001). This manner was repeated in data of second week(p<0.001) ;  (r=0.908). peak flow daily changes pattern showed decrease in end of the shift more than beginning  of day. 17 workers who had significant changes did not how any pathologic signs in routine annual  spirometry. Most changes were due to first workday in opposite to last workday (35±16.5 in  contrast 33.6 ±11.8)   Conclusion   According to results of this study it seems that serial peak flowmetry test is more  sensitive in screening and evaluation workers respiratory function in proportion of routine annual  spirometry.    }, Keywords = {Color, factory, peak flowmetry, paint}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {9-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-479-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-479-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Mohebbi, I. and KhaledRezaei, M.}, title = {EpidemiologicalAssessment of silicosis in stone cutting workers}, abstract ={  Background and aims   The most common identifiable causes for ILD are related to occupational  and environmental exposures, especially to inorganic dusts and silica dust in one of the most   important occupational respiratory toxins that causes silicosis. Silicosis can occur in chronic,  accelerated and acute forms. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica dust in many industrial  operations world wide. The reduction of silica dust exposure level in most developed countries   during the last century resulted in dramatic decreases in morbidity and mortality from silicosis  and silica dust associated tuberculosis but exposure risks can be much greater in underdeveloped  countries. Silicosis is disabling, non eversible and sometimes fatal. We believe same of this reports is very rare in the world wide and demonstrate the first fatal outbreak report of advanced   silicosis in Iran.   Methods   All of 17 workers had been exposed to crystalline silica at the workplaces of silica  powder production for the periods of 1 to 5 years (the average of exposure was 2.7 years) and  because dyspnea and occupational history of silica dust exposure referred or self admitted at  Urmia occupational medicine centre. All patients reported no silica exposure before working at the current sites. Compliant symptoms and physical examination findings recorded for each patient. Spirometery.Flow/volume and body plethysmography performed (with a ZAN.300).  chest X-ray films were taken for catch person and in those, who had previous chest X radiography  films, progression was assessed by pair comparison of the initial and latest chest X-ray film according to ILO classification of pneumoconiosis   Results   All of 17 patient had previously worked in the silica powder production workplaces. The total of patient were male whose youngest age was 20 and oldest 79 years. 16 (94%) cases were  symptomatic and 1 (6%) had any complaint but occupational history and radiographic findings  suggest sub clinical accelerated silicosis. most common findings during clinical course weredry cough 15(88%) productive cough 5 (29 %) ,anorexia 11 (65%), weight loss 11 (65%) orthopnea 10 (58%), respiratory distress 9 (53%), dysphagia 5 (30%), fibromyalgia 6(35%), small joints  arthragia 1 (6%), rude crackle 14(82%), decreased of pulmonary expansibility 15 (88%),  symmetric PIP arthritis 1 (6%), symmetric wrist joints arthritis 1 (6%), and anemia 1 (6%),  11(65%) patients had FVC lower than 50% of predictive measured. 17 (100%) cases had small  opacity. Large opacity were find in 14 (82%) , pleural thickening 12 (71%). 9 (52%) patient during  last 5 years died due to ARDS   Conclusion   The findings in this outbreak shows that from 17 patient ,15 (88%) subjects were  young adults below 40 years old and dying 9 (53%) persons after 1 to 5 years exposure incision to  silica dust suggests overexposure had occurred and led the development of advanced silicosis. This outbreak illustrate the very rare manifestations of chest imaging of severe silicosis in the world wide.}, Keywords = {Pneumoconiosis, Silica, Pneumothorax, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome,International Labor Organization}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {10-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-481-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-481-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Habibi, E. and Yarmohamadian, MH. and Pourabdian, S. and Ghorbani, H. and Soltani, A.}, title = {Survey of ergonomic condition of workstations in hospitals’laboratories of Isfahan Medical University}, abstract ={  Background and aim s   The science of improvement and correction of work- environment  occupation, equipment, and accordance that with abilities and limitations, is Ergonomy. use of ergonomic principles and education in this field, has important role in productivity of management in each organization. without doing of this principle would decrease effectiveness, efficiency and  productivity of organization. The goal of this research is definition of ergonomic status among of  personnel in work-station of laboratory of Esfahan university hospitals and definition of relative  frequency incidence ergonomic disorders among this personnel .   Methods   This research is descriptive, cross-sectional, applied-basic research. The studied population of this research are the personnel of laboratory of independent hospitals to  Esfahan medical science of university in Esfahan .The time of doing it, is six month second in   1383. For doing this research, enumeration way was used and 143 of them, complemented.  the questionnaire completely. The equipment of this research is NORDIC Disorders Questionnaire   Results   With analysis of information of completed questionnaires, personnel have had maximum  disorders in neck and knee with (%57/3)and minimum disorders in thigh and elbow with(%19/6)  and was defined the relative frequency of disorders ergonomic among studied-personnel for the  hours, shift, years of work and got the results. The personnel that is work From 41 to 70 hours in a week, and the their of work shift is afternoon and night have the most disorders.   Conclusion   The execution of ergonomic principles by use of standard equipment such as ,   standard work tables in laboratory , flexible and comfortable Chairs, and sufficient light for  laboratory environment, could reduce ergonomic disorders especially for neck and knee that reduce of these disorders has an important role in increase of productivity of human resources and existence of motive for achieve of organization goals.}, Keywords = {Ergonomy, occupational diseases( Musculoskeletal), laboratory, Hospital}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {11-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-482-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-482-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {DoshmanFanaYazdy, F. and Farshad, A.A. and ArghamI, S. and Heidari, MH.}, title = {Use of ETBAmethod (Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis) forhazard identification in a paint shop of an automobile production factory}, abstract ={  Background and aims   Occupational accidents and diseases cost 1.25 thousands billion $ to economic of world & links 2 million annually. Rate of death due to occupational accidents in developing countries in some cases is 4 times to developed industrial countries. To control accidents & resultant damages, identification of potential agents causing accidents in  necessary. One of the modern methods for identification these agents is ETBA. This method is  based on energy model. This model present energy as potential agent causing accident & according  to this, propose a set of control strategies that are in different levels of priority due to their  effectiveness   Methods   This research is a case study that is a kind of qualitative researches and it had done in an  automobile factory's paint shop. First in this study ETBA method used to identify hazards, then  risks were analysed and in the last phase, approaches were proposed for decrease level of   unacceptable risks.   Results   This study determined that in this field, two category of hazards are in first priority for   performing control measures:  First category contains chemical hazards that might lead to catastrophic consequences like fire ;  cancer. Highest risk portion o this paint shop is manually spray painting booth and spray painting  stations that is placed in repair lines.  Second category contains hazards that causes accidents repeatedly the highest risk portions are stations where ground conveyor moves car bodies (pain and repair lines).   Conclusion   Because of these two category of hazards are concentrated in paint and repair lines, these lines should be in first priority for control hazards.}, Keywords = {ETBA, Energy Floors, Barrier Analysis}, volume = {3}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-0}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-483-en.html}, eprint = {http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-483-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Occupational Health}, issn = {1735-5133}, eissn = {2228-7493}, year = {2006} }