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Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2013)
Background and aim: Occupational accident is an unplanned and harmful event which occurs in workplace environments. Among various occupations and activities, large metal industries are the most hazardous industries in the world. This study was designed in one of the Arak metal industries in order to determine the incidence rate of occupational accidents as well as its risk factors.
Methods: Initially in an incidence study, 873 workers were followed historically to determine the number of accidents since 2005 to 2007. Then the cases were compared with a random sample of workers with no accident (251 workers) in a case control study. After data collection by a structured questionnaire, statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression in SPSS software (V.16).
Results: During these three years, 359 accidents had been occurred and the annual incidence rate of accident was equal to 137 per 1000 workers. There was a significant relationship between occurrence of accident and age, work experience, education level, height, and systolic blood pressure as well as shift work (p<0.05).The marital status and number of children were not significant risk factors. Moreover, unsafe practices was the first case of accident, age and educational level were remained in regression model as the most important predictors of incident of occupational accidents.
Conclusion: Considering the high frequency rate of accidents and based on our findings, planning and implementation of safety training, modifying non-safe conditions, supplying workers with appropriate standard protective equipment and appropriate facilities are recommended.
Volume 11, Issue 4 (11-2014)
Background and aims: Among different types of occupational accidents in the construction industry, falls and falling objects accidents (group I) account for 44% of construction accidents. Hit by vehicle, electric shock, collapse in the excavation and fire or explosion accidents (group II), while are only 7% frequent, make up about 26% of all fatalities and total disabling accidents. The aim of this study is to investigate these two groups of accidents and to discuss the obtained results in order to identify the potential hazards of construction industry.
Methods: Data mining methods are employed to analyze data in this research. Hence, 21864 data records which were provided by Social Security Organization (SSO) and were related to construction accidents of the whole country between 2007 and 2011 were analyzed using decision tree and association rule methods.
Results: In the first group of accidents, the frequency of accidents at night shift is less than the others, and injury to the head, back, spine and lower extremities are more prevalent. The final result is similar to other accidents. In the second group, the frequency of accidents among married and older workers is more than single and young workers. There was a higher frequency in the evening and especially night shifts as well as during the weekends. The injuries to the head, face and neck are greater than the other accidents in this group.
Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the results of the past research. Hence, utilizing data mining methods has been successful. Policy makers, managers of construction industry and managers of insurance companies can propose preventive actions against accidents using such patterns.
Volume 12, Issue 4 (9-2015)
Background and aims: Patient safety is one of the main factors in quality of services provided by a health system. Patient safety culture plays a key role in improvement of patient safety, reduction of medical errors, and prevention of adverse events in health care organizations. Thereby, the present study is aimed to survey patient safety culture in hospitals of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences.
Method: This research was a cross sectional study that conducted on all qualified staff of hospitals affiliated with Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire was used to assess patient safety culture. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS (16), using Chi-Square test and logistic regression model.
Results: Total score average of patient safety culture was 25.50±9.52. The results showed that among the twelve dimensions the highest and lowest scores were obtained by the supervisor/ manager expectations & actions promoting patient safety (score rate 45%) and the reporting frequency of adverse events (score rate 15%) respectively. According to logistic regression model there was also significant relationship between the patient safety culture and direct contact with the patient, employment duration in hospital, and current unit (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Total average of patient safety culture and scores of all twelve dimensions were lower than the acceptable criteria. Patient safety culture in the studied hospitals urgently needs enhancement and improvement. So, creating policies to institutionalize and enhance patient safety culture among the staffs are recommended.
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2016)
Background and aims: Safety culture of an organization is an essential strategy to reduce occupational accidents, and many industries around the world have shown their willingness to consider the concept as an approach to reduce daily incidents and potential disasters. The aim of this study is to design a valid tool for measuring safety culture, which is based on a model of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study performed on 409 employees of an oil and gas exploration company in Ahvaz in 1392. After the initial questionnaire was prepared by the IAEA's 5D model, the linguistic validity, content validity and construct validity were tested on questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using test-retest methods and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and data were analyzed using the software SPSS 18.
Results: In studying content validity, the content validity index and total content validity ratio were obtained equal to 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire was evaluated, and KMO and Bartlett’s coefficients were obtained equal to 0.807 and 5237.791, respectively. In addition, factor analysis confirmed five factors in the study (including priority to safety, leadership, responsibility, safety integrity and learning), which accounted for 69.813% of the total variance. The results showed that the final questionnaire is reliable (α=0.902) and repeatable (ICC=0.899). There was a significant correlation between dimensions of the safety culture questionnaire (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a safety culture questionnaire that is designed according to the 5D model of the International Atomic Energy Agency has acceptable reliability and validity for measuring the safety culture in an oil and gas exploitation company. This tool can be effective in promoting safety culture in high-risk industries.
Volume 14, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Background and aims: Occupational accidents and review them in the field of industrial safety are the most important issues. If these accidents are investigated and analyzed, there will be the possibility of reducing their occurrence. This review aims to provide valuable information for researchers and reviewers of occupational accident.
Methods: In this study Persian-language academic journals were studied systematically. The aim was finding, classifying and analyzing the articles were published in these journals since the beginning of 1380 until the end of 1393 on occupational accidents. At the first list of scientific journals (59 journals) and then, the articles related to occupational accidents (Article 106) were selected. A criterion for the selection of the journals was existence at least one article in the field of occupational accidents published in them. Articles were analyzed according to publication year, journal and field survey.
Results: The results showed that most studies were about healthcare (19.80%), manufacturing (16.98%) and epidemiology (11.32%) respectively. Also in the first six years of study, only 12 articles (11.32%) have published in the field of occupational accidents while in the six years at the end of study, 73 articles (68.86%) were published. 42 journals published only one article and 17 journals published more than one article in the field of occupational accidents. The Journal of Occupational Medicine and Iran Occupational Health were assigned of 19.80% of the articles.
Conclusion: This study can be used as a scientific resource for researchers and specialists in occupational health and safety field and help to Improving researches in the field of occupational accidents in Iran.
Volume 17, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Background and aims: Manpower is considered as one of the most important factors in advancing the goals and improving the productivity of organizations. Therefore, improving the performance and improving the human resources is an undeniable need for organizations and performance management is a tool to achieve this goal. Today, the consequences of life and financial injuries caused by natural and unnatural accidents have a tremendous and undeniable impact on the way of life and human health. One of the most important factors affecting the performance of the organization in the event of natural and man-made disasters is the readiness of comprehensive health service centers as the first organization providing health services. The more successful the performance management in achieving these goals, the more productivity will be ensured as a result of the success and continuity of the organization. For this reason, it can be said that the performance of an organization indicates its survival status in the environment. Various factors affect organizational performance one of the factors is the level of preparedness of comprehensive health service centers in the face of disasters. Health centers, especially hospitals, are among the places where dangerous accidents and disasters occur; injured people face high referral rates. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of comprehensive health service preparedness centers in the face of disasters on organizational performance in Assadabad University of Medical Sciences.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among 100 employees of Asadabad Comprehensive Health Service Centers. A questionnaire was used to collect research information. This questionnaire consists of two parts: service center preparation, which used a researcher-made questionnaire to examine this variable, and organizational performance, which used the standard organizational performance questionnaire. The final tool had 108 questions. Demographic information questions (7 questions); And organizational performance section includes; Preparedness program (6 questions), response scene management system (6 questions), communication and early warning (9 questions), internal and external coordination (12 questions), providing infectious disease services (10 questions), providing environmental health services (8 questions) Question), providing non-communicable disease services (9 questions), providing psychosocial health services (9 questions), water and food storage (3 questions), firefighting (3 questions), storage of supplies and equipment (3 questions), agents Structural (5 questions), non-structural factors (6 questions), organizational performance (6 questions), readiness of service centers (6 questions). The questionnaire is a closed answer type and the scale for measuring questions; Likert. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was determined using the corrective opinions of relevant experts. Qualitative face validity 20 subjects in the target group were asked to comment on the name of the questionnaire, the clarity and comprehensibility of the items. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to evaluate the content validity. To evaluate content validity quantitatively, two content validity ratios (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were measured. To examine the content validity ratio, each item was evaluated based on the following three-part spectrum: 1) necessary 2) useful but not necessary 3) not necessary. Expert opinions were then quantified through CVR. The numerical value of the content validity ratio was determined with the help of Lavache table. The CVR calculated in the present study was 0.87. The CVI content validity index is the degree to which experts agree on the relevance of each item. In this study, CVI 0.8 and above is an acceptable value, which was calculated to be 0.91 in the present study. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using a retest test method among 15% of the samples with an interval of two weeks. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha test score for organizational performance was 0.83 and for service center readiness was 0.98. The internal reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha test 98 0.98 and ᾳ = 0.83, respectively. The method of analysis is descriptive and structural equations. In order to analyze the data, descriptive indicators and statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were used in SPSS and LISREL statistical software.
Results: According to the results of the present study, 32% of the employees were male and 68% were female. Most employees were in the age group of 40-50 years with 42%, and the lowest frequency percentage (12%) was in the age group above 50 years. Of the main variables studied, only the average response scene management system is less than the average value and is equal to 2.79. Examination of the highest averages showed that the organization and structure have the highest average with a value of 3.95. The results showed that out of 19 main and sub-hypotheses, 17 hypotheses were confirmed (p <.05) and two hypotheses were rejected (p <.05). The results showed that all three main hypotheses were confirmed (p> 0.05). Based on this, the relationship between readiness and organizational performance, the relationship between readiness with structural factors and the relationship between readiness and non-structural factors are confirmed (p> .05). The direction of all three relationships is positive and the strongest relationship between organizational readiness and performance with a coefficient of 0/62. It can be seen. The results showed that out of 16 sub-hypotheses, 14 hypotheses are confirmed (p> .05). The two hypotheses that have been rejected include the relationship between infectious disease services and organizational performance, and the relationship between water and food storage and organizational performance. The direction of the relationship of all sub-hypotheses is positive and the strongest relationship between the sub-hypotheses is related to the relationship between internal and external coordination with organizational performance with a coefficient of 0/53, and then related to the relationship between stage management system and organizational performance with a coefficient 0/51. Also, all research variables have a normal distribution (p <0.05). According to the calculated indices, the data fit well with the factor structure of the research and the overall validity of the model is confirmed. For example, the square root of the estimated variance of the approximation error (RMSEA) is less than 0.08. The three indices CFI, NFI and GFI are greater than 0.90. The PGFI value is more than 0.60 and the ratio of chi-square to degree of freedom is between 1 and 5, which all fitting indices indicate the approval of the research model.
Conclusion: Health centers, as the first disaster prevention centers, must be prepared to deal with accidents and disasters. Lack of preparedness of health centers in the face of disasters is one of the important factors that have a direct impact on the vulnerability of the country. Based on the results of the study; the preparedness of comprehensive urban and rural health service centers in the face of disasters improves organizational performance. In the dimension, structural and effective factors in health centers in dealing with disasters were achieved. Weaknesses in structural problems, lack of facilities and inadequate organization in the allocation of available resources are the most important problems of health centers in the face of accidents and disasters. In the dimension of non-structural factors such as safety, control and communication, lack of facilities, increase in capacity, etc. The results indicate the consideration of alternative locations and the existence of programs to prioritize the provision of services in emergency situations will increase the capacity of health centers. In terms of management in health centers, the present study is at a good level, which indicates that in the health centers studied on the command area is well planned and officials, command teams, structure and job description are specified. In terms of functional factors, scene management system, early warning of preparedness, providing infectious disease services, providing non-communicable disease services, providing environmental health services, providing psycho-social health services, water and food storage, storage of technical equipment and equipment for centers Comprehensive health services, firefighting, balance of readiness of structural factors, stability of readiness and structural factors, general and technical factors and non-structural factors were positively correlated with the readiness of urban and rural health centers. According to the results of this study; In order to increase the efficiency of providing medical services in emergency situations and to promote the two-way relationship between the organization and readiness structure of comprehensive health service centers and also to improve organizational performance, it is necessary to provide strategies in the organization by the organization management. Also, due to the unpredictability of some disasters such as earthquakes, preparing staff by providing theoretical and practical training programs, while holding operational maneuvers in an emergency with an emphasis on repetition at appropriate intervals can be useful. Based on these results, it is recommended that while developing short-term training programs in the field of crisis management and their continuous implementation, even non-structural rehabilitation of medical centers should be considered as a priority. Also, in order to increase the effectiveness of training programs, in addition to the managers of the centers, other staff should also participate in training programs to increase the readiness of the centers in a centralized and comprehensive manner.
Volume 17, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Background and aims: Occupational stress and risk perception are considered as the most well-known factors affecting the safety and health of employees and the occurrence of occupational accidents. On the other hand, occupational accidents also have a very undesirable effect on the performance of organizations, companies and their human resources. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between risk perception, resources and level of occupational stress and occupational accidents in one of the steel industries in Guilan Province.
Methods: This research was a case-control analytical study carried out among 700 steel rolling workers in a steel industry. The sample number was 248 based on the Morgan table. The number of 81 workers with work-related injuries during 2013-2017 were assigned as the case group and 167 workers without work-related injuries were randomly selected as the control group. Participants with informed consent completed 3 questionnaires as a 50-item questionnaire for sources of job stress, a 20-item Davis’s questionnaire for job stress and a 133 –item Flynn’s questionnaire for risk perception. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.
results: All study samples were male. The most of participants had the diploma degree, 93% were married, and 72% were shift workers. The results showed that there was no significant difference between each of the demographic characteristics such as shift work, marital status and education degree with occupational stress and risk perception variables for both the case and control groups. The mean occupational stress in the case and control groups was 54.02 and 48.09, respectively and there was a statistically significant relationship between occupational accidents and level of occupational stress (p value < 0.05). Also, the value of odds ratio was obtained 1.4, which showed that job stress increased the probability of accident by 40%. The overall score of sources of job stress for the case and control groups were 127.8 and 121.4, respectively, which did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups, but in some areas the difference was significant (p value <0.05). The highest difference was observed in the heavy duty of the role (p <0.05). The case and control groups respectively received 66% and 61.8% of the risk perception score that showed there was a significant difference between the case and control group score (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The present study showed that there was a significant and direct relationship between sources and levels of job stress and occupational accidents and the workers with work-related injuries had a higher risk perception than non-injured workers. One of the important functions of risk perception is its positive effect on the analysis of environmental data and occupational processes and appropriate decision making, as well as improvement of the effective reactive approach in the workplace. One of the important results of this research was demonstrating the relationship of risk perception on workers’ experience of accidents and environmental safety issues. The transfer of experience and the development of an experience-based learning program are effective in increasing the level of risk perception of workers and in strengthening the reactive approach to workplace events and is directly effective in reducing the number and severity of occupational accidents. Identifying sources of job stress in the workplace and eliminating, controlling or modifying it, as well as implementing an operational plan for managing job stress and promoting workers' risk perception, are effective in reducing employee stress and accordingly in reducing the incidence of occupational accidents and thus promoting the level of physical and mental health and the level of productivity of employees and the reduction of occupational injuries and associated direct and indirect costs.
Volume 19, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Background and aims: Accidents (driving and work) have caused a lot of damage to the community, the organization, and the people. the related costs, while having bad Effects on the economic indicators at the national and family levels, are an obstacle to achieve the predetermined goals. This study examined the behavioral factors related to accident-prone behavioral in car drivers, and through this, provided a distinct and reliable indicator for identifying drivers at risk
Methods: The present research was a case-control study, which has been designed to predict the group membership (accident- pronoun drivers) and develop a cognitive equation to introduce the driver’s accident-proneness behavioral index. A demographic questionnaire and the Manchester Standard Driving Behavior questionnaire were used in the study which has been validated for the Iranian community. The data were processed in SPSS V20 using univariate and multivariate analysis of variance as well as two-group discriminant analysis methods.
Results: The drivers with a history of accidents showed higher levels of mistakes, slips, and intentional violations compared to the group without accidents. The two groups of drivers with and without a history of accidents were revealed to be at the same level in terms of committing inadvertent violations (committing illegal non-violent acts).
Conclusion: According to Eta (η) squares, one can say that 1-8% of the observed differences in two groups of drivers may be due to the accident history effect.
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