Iran Occupational Health Journal
سلامت كار ايران
ioh
Medical Sciences
http://ioh.iums.ac.ir
136
journal136
1735-5133
2228-7493
10.61186/ioh
fa
jalali
1399
2
1
gregorian
2020
5
1
17
1
online
1
fulltext
fa
ارایه مدل محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه در شرکت گاز استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
Presenting the model safety-conscious work environment in the gas company of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
HSE
HSE
پژوهشي
Research
<strong>زمینه و هدف:</strong> امروزه می­توان از محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه در سازمانها و صنایع مختلف، به عنوان یک مزیت رقابتی بلند مدت نام برد که بهبود آن منجر به جلوگیری از رخ دادن حوادث برای انواع سازمانها در کشورهای مختلف می­شود. محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه سازمانها را قادر میسازد تا نشانههای کاهش امنیت را قبل از رخ دادن اتفاق های تصادفی شناسایی کند. این عملکرد فعالانه در شرکت گاز بسیار مهم است. سازمانها با رعایت الزامات محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه نسبت به ایجاد امنیت در سازمان فعال بوده و کارکنان میتوانند بدون ترس هر نگرانی را گزارش دهند، از سویی یکی از الزامات مهم و تعیین کننده در سیستمهای مدیریت ایمنی و حتی زیست محیطی الزامی تحت عنوان شناسایی عوامل موثر بر استقرار سیستم ایمنی میباشد. دلیل گنجاندن این الزام در استانداردهای یاد شده اهمیتی است که این موضوع در کاهش عواقب حادثه دارد. در سالهای اخیر تلاشهای فراوانی جهت شناخت دلایل بوجود آورنده سوانح در صنایع مختلف به ویژه صنعت نفت و گاز صورت گرفته است. اعتقاد بر این بود که بیشتر حوادث، ناشی از خطاهای انسانی است و به سادگی میتوان نتیجه گرفت که اینگونه خطاها بهدلیل بی دقتی یا بیکفایتی در انجام کارها میباشد، اما این استدلال درست نیست. افرادی که سوانح را بررسی میکنند دریافتهاند که انسان فقط آخرین حلقه زنجیری است که باعث ایجاد یک سانحه میشود. نمیتوان با تغییر دادن افراد از سوانح جلوگیری کرد، تنها میتوان با شناسایی عوامل بوجود آورنده یک سانحه از آن پیشگیری کرد. محیط امن کاری سبب میشود پرسنل بدون هیچ نگرانی و ترسی از جانب مدیران عقاید و نظرات خود را بیان کرده و میتوانند از محیط امن کاری جهت دسترسی به یک تصویر کامل از وضعیت عملکردی سازمان و جهت شناخت موارد ضعیف و یا نشانه های هشداردهنده اولیه استفاده کنند. بنابراین هدف پژوهش ارایه مدل محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه در شرکت گاز استان چهارمحال و بختیاری میباشد.<br>
<strong>روش بررسی:</strong> پژوهش حاضر توسعه<span dir="LTR">‎</span>ای کاربردی بوده و به<span dir="LTR">‎</span>صورت آمیخته انجام گردید. در بخش کیفی با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری گلوله برفی 10 خبره آشنا به پژوهش تعیین شدند. با کمک روش کیفی تحلیل مضمونی ابتدا با مرور پیشینه پژوهش، پرسشهای مصاحبه نیمهساختیافته در زمینه محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه تدوین شدند و در چند جلسه با حضور محققان و صاحب نظران این حوزه، صحت محتوا و کفایت آنها برای شناسایی عوامل مؤثر و تشکیلدهنده بررسی شد. به منظور بررسی پایایی با بهرهمندی از روش درصد توافق بین دو کُدگذار (محققان) انجام گرفت که رقم 80 درصد توافق، بیانکننده پایایی بخش کیفی بود. در بخش کمی از روش مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری بهمنظور برقراری ارتباط میان مضمونها و ساختن مدل استفاده شد.<br>
<strong>یافتهها:</strong> بر اساس مصاحبه با خبرگان24 مضمون تفسیری به دست آمد و با استفاده از کدگذاری و با توجه به ماهیت این 24 زیرمقوله و بررسی دقیق روابط بین آنها، مولفهها در 7 مضمون فراگیر دسته بندی شدند. نتایج تحلیل مضمونی 7 مولفه برای محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه شامل تعهد مدیران شرکت، آموزش، آزادی و اعتماد به نفس کارکنان، استراتژی جامع و همکاری، برنامهریزی محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه، رعایت قوانین و مدیریت ریسک را نشان داد. به<span dir="LTR">‎</span>کمک روش مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری مشخص گردید مولفه تعهد مدیریت مانند سنگ زیربنایی مدل عمل میکند و عامل آزادی و اعتماد به نفس کارکنان سرآمد مدل میباشد. همچنین احساس آزادی و اعتماد به نفس کارکنان و مولفه آموزش از قدرت نفوذ کم ولی میزان وابستگی زیاد نسبت به دیگر مولفهها برخوردار میباشند. مولفههای مدیریت ریسک و استراتژی جامع و همکاری در ناحیه پیوندی قرار دارند که از قدرت نفوذ بالا و وابستگی بالایی برخوردارند. مولفههای تعهد مدیران، رعایت قوانین و برنامهریزی محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه در ناحیه نفوذ قرار دارند. این مولفهها از قدرت نفوذ بالا با حداقل وابستگی برخوردار هستند.<br>
<strong>نتیجه گیری:</strong> تعهد مدیران شرکت گاز در ارتقای فرهنگ ایمن و آگاهانه امری ضروری میباشد و برای رسیدن به این هدف می توان از آموزش و ترویج مفهوم محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه برای مدیران و کارکنان استفاده کرد. با توجه به اهمیت صنعت گاز در اقتصاد کشور و زندگی مردم و همچنین میزان تاثیرگذاری فرهنگ ایمنی بر روی ایمنی کارکنان طرح­ریزی مدل ایمن و آگاهانه در سازمان به صورت هدفمند و تاکید بر آگاهانه بودن ایمنی می­تواند به عنوان عاملی در جهت تشدید و تسریع ارتقاء فرهنگ ایمنی آگاهانه در سازمان باشد.<br>
<strong>Background and aims</strong>: Today, a safety and conscious work environment in various organizations and industries can be mentioned as a long-term competitive advantage, the improvement of which leads to the prevention of accidents for different types of organizations in different countries<span dir="RTL">.</span> A safety-conscious work environment enables organizations to identify signs of reduced security before accidental incidents occur<span dir="RTL">. </span>This active performance in the gas company is very important<span dir="RTL">.</span>Organizations are active in ensuring compliance with safety and conscious work environment requirements, and employees can report any concerns without fear. On the other hand, one of the important and decisive requirements in safety and even environmental management systems is the identification of factors affecting the establishment of the immune system<span dir="RTL">. </span>The reason for including this requirement in these standards is the importance of reducing the consequences of the accident<span dir="RTL">.</span> In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify the causes of accidents in various industries, especially the oil and gas industry<span dir="RTL">. </span>It has been believed that most accidents are caused by human error, and it is easy to conclude that such error is due to carelessness or inefficiency in doing things, but this argument is not true<span dir="RTL">.</span> People who study accidents have found that humans are the only link in the chain that causes an accident<span dir="RTL">. </span>It is not possible to prevent accidents by changing people, it is only possible to prevent them by identifying the causes of an accident. A safety and conscious work environment allows highly reputable organizations to be active in the safety of the organization and enables employees to report any concerns easily and without fear of retaliation. On the other hand, the company's failure to implement projects may incur human, economic, and environmental costs, and enable a safety and conscious work environment for organizations to identify signs of declining security before accidental events occur<span dir="RTL">.</span> A safe and informed work environment means that employees can freely express their security concerns without fear of retaliation, harassment or discrimination<span dir="RTL">. </span>SCWE policies should allow employees to manage both safety and security concerns without fear of punishment<span dir="RTL">.</span> In large, high-risk companies, including the gas company, a safe work environment may help prevent accidents. These events can hurt people, the economy and the environmental consequences. However, these incidents are rare. However, failure in system components (such as people, devices, trends) can hurt the company in unpredictable ways. In this regard, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Gas Company intends to take appropriate measures to improve the safety of employees and the company's environment. One of the measures proposed to the officials of this company is to take measures to create a culture of safety and awareness. In this case, the officials of this company should implement programs in various aspects to create a proper culture in employees, safety quality and improve the health of the company<span dir="RTL">. </span>Recently, little research has been done on the conscious work environment<span dir="RTL">.</span> The concept of SCWE has attracted a lot of attention among experts because SCWE allows organizations to anticipate potential problems and prevent accidents<span dir="RTL">.</span> Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide a safety-conscious work environment model in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province Gas Company<span dir="RTL">.</span><br>
<strong>Methods:</strong> In previous studies, many safety models have been proposed. In this study, the aim is to develop previous models and provide a new model safely and consciously, and because the purpose of this study is to develop science and help managers to use SCWE<span dir="RTL">.</span> This research is a developmental-applied study that has been performed as a sequential mix 10.<span dir="RTL"> </span>experts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Gas Company using snowball sampling method (in this method, the researcher first goes to the expert he knows. He introduces another expert after giving information, and this method continues until theoretical saturation is achieved. In the qualitative section, with the help of qualitative thematic analysis method, first reviewing the research background, semi-structured interview questions on safety and conscious work environment were developed and in several sessions with researchers and experts in this field, the accuracy of content and their adequacy to identify effective and constituent factors were examined<span dir="RTL">. </span>In the next step, with the identification of experts, interview sessions were held with ten experts<span dir="RTL">.</span> At this stage, coding and description were done<span dir="RTL">. </span>And was held with two reports in the interpretive coding stage in order to explain the concepts of the interview<span dir="RTL">. </span>The reliability study was performed using the method of percentage agreement between the two coders (researchers), and the figure of 80% of the agreement expressed the reliability of the qualitative section<span dir="RTL">.</span> In the last step, after organizing and organizing the data, they analyzed it and the process of extracting the meaning of the data by coding method began<span dir="RTL">. </span>To encode the interviews, the researchers first returned the audio files to the text, then used the content analysis method (induction) to identify the codes in an open and unrestricted manner<span dir="RTL">.</span> Interpretive structural modeling was used in the communication component<span dir="RTL">. </span>Structural interpretive modeling is a suitable technical technique for analyzing the effect of one element on other elements.<br>
<strong>Results:</strong> Based on interviews with experts, 24 interpretive themes were obtained and using coding and considering the nature of these 24 sub-categories and a detailed study of the relationships between them, the components were classified into 7 comprehensive themes<span dir="RTL">.</span> The results of the thematic analysis of the seven components for a safe and informed environment of work included the commitment of corporate executives, training, freedom and employee self-confidence, comprehensive strategy and cooperation, HSE planning, compliance and risk management <span dir="RTL">.</span> Based on the results of ISM, the first level employees feel the feeling of freedom and self-confidence<span dir="RTL">. </span>After identifying the first level variables, these variables are removed and the set of inputs and outputs is calculated without considering the first level variables<span dir="RTL">. </span>According to the output of the second level determination calculations, the training variable is the second level variable. According to the output of the third level determination calculations in the ISM hierarchy, comprehensive strategy variables and cooperation and risk management of the third level variables and based on the new inputs and outputs of HSE programming variable were selected as the fourth level elements<span dir="RTL">. </span>Finally, the commitment variable of managers is considered as the sixth level variable<span dir="RTL">.</span> With the aid of interpretive structural modeling method, the variable of management commitment, such as the model rock, acts as the factor of freedom and self-confidence of the top managers of the model. Employees' feelings of freedom and self-confidence and the component of training are also less influential, but they are more dependent on other components<span dir="RTL">.</span> Components of risk management and comprehensive strategy and collaboration are located in the link area, which has high penetration power and high dependence<span dir="RTL">. </span>The components of commitment of managers, compliance with the rules and planning of a safe and conscious work environment are in the area of influence<span dir="RTL">. </span>These components have high penetration power with minimal dependence<span dir="RTL">.</span><br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The commitment of senior management is more important than other variables, and to evaluate it, we must start from this factor and reach other factors<span dir="RTL">. </span>Making strategic decisions about safety culture depends on the commitment of senior management<span dir="RTL">.</span> If senior management is committed to itself and its organization, it can help the organization to implement and develop SCWE and provide the company with many strategic and tactical benefit. As it turns out, after the commitment of management, compliance with the rules is more effective<span dir="RTL">. </span>By following the rules and health requirements, you can expect HSE planning in the organization<span dir="RTL">.</span> This management system takes steps to sustainably develop, reduce costs, and increase productivity by preventing injuries and health events, safety, and the environment, and by taking into account the health and safety of employees and others affected by the organization's ongoing activities<span dir="RTL">.</span> The success of this system requires the existence of a comprehensive strategy and the participation of all employees in the implementation of health, safety and environmental requirements<span dir="RTL">. </span>On the other hand, risk management is one of the basic components in preventing accidents and unsafe accidents<span dir="RTL">. </span>And with the right training, identifying risks and controlling risks to employees and managers can create a sense of confidence and freedom in employees<span dir="RTL">.</span> The commitment of the gas company managers to promote SCWE culture is essential, and to achieve this goal, it is possible to educate and promote the concept of a safe and informed wor6king environment for managers and employees. Given the importance of the gas industry in the country's economy and people's lives, as well as the impact of safety culture on the safety of employees, designing a safe and informed model in the organization purposefully and emphasizing safety awareness can be a factor to intensify and Accelerate the promotion of a conscious safety culture in the organization<span dir="RTL">.</span> Organizational cultures should be encouraged in organizations<span dir="RTL">. </span>In addition, managers need to strengthen policies and communication practices that consciously support a safe work environment. The results obtained in this study only belong to a small representative of the country's industries, so in generalizing the results to all industries in the country, precautions must be taken<span dir="RTL">. </span>In future research, researchers will use dynamic modeling that can analyze causal relationships and safety dynamics over time<span dir="RTL">.</span><br>
ایمنی, بهداشت, محیط زیست, محیط کار ایمن و آگاهانه, شرکت گاز
safety, health, environment, safety-conscious work environment, Gas Company
823
835
http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2897-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
farhad
farhadi
فرهاد
فرهادی
farhad.farhadi90@yahoo.com
13600319475328460038215
13600319475328460038215
Yes
Noor Hedayat Non-Profit Institute in Shahrekord
موسسه غیر انتفاعی نور هدایت شهرکرد
Sayyed Mohammad Reza
Davoodi
سید محمدرضا
داودی
smrdavoodi@ut.ac.ir
13600319475328460038216
13600319475328460038216
No
- Dehaghan Azad University
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی دهاقان
Naser
Amiri Ebrahim Mohammadi
ناصر
امیری ابراهیم محمدی
shagerd33@yahoo.com
13600319475328460038217
13600319475328460038217
No
Noor Hedayat Non-Profit Institute in Shahrekord
موسسه غیر انتفاعی نور هدایت شهرکرد