Iran Occupational Health Journal
سلامت كار ايران
ioh
Medical Sciences
http://ioh.iums.ac.ir
136
journal136
1735-5133
2228-7493
10.61186/ioh
fa
jalali
1399
2
1
gregorian
2020
5
1
17
1
online
1
fulltext
fa
ارتباط بین تراز فشار صوت با شاخصهای نارسایی شناختی و آزردگی صوتی در یکی از صنایع سرامیک سازی
The Relationship between Sound Pressure Level with Cognitive Failure Indicators and Noise Injury in a Ceramic Industry
صدا
Noise
پژوهشي
Research
<br>
<strong><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">چکیده</span></span></span></strong><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"></span></span></span><br>
<strong><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمینه و هدف: </span></span></span></strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مواجهه با صدا در محیط کار <span style="background:red;">علاوه بر</span> کاهش سطح شنوایی میتواند </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">موجب فشار</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خون</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بالا،</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بیماریهای قلبی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عروقی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اختلالات</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گوارشی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">رفتاری،</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و اختلالات</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خواب شود . مطالعه حاضر به بررسی آزردگی صوتی به عنوان شایعترین پاسخ ذهنی قابل اندازهگیری میان افراد در معرض مواجهه با صدا و نارسایی شناختی به عنوان شاخصی از بیان </span>ناتوانی فرد در تکمیل وظایفی که به طور طبیعی قادر به انجام آن است در یک صنعت سرامیک سازی پرداخته است و در عین حال قصد دارد به بررسی ارتباط بین مقادیر تراز فشار صوت با نمرات آزردگی صوتی و نارسایی شناختی بپردازد.<strong><span style="background:white;"></span></strong></span><br>
<strong><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش بررسی: </span></span></span></strong><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی در سال 1398 روی 100 نفر از کارگران صنعت سرامیک سازی انجام شد.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ابتدا جهت تعیین مواجهه فردی با صدا، به بررسی مقدماتی بخشهای تولیدی و نتایج سالانه اندازه گیری صدا پرداختیم، سپس بخش های پرسروصداشناسایی شدند.<span style="background:white;"> درانتها جامعه مورد مطالعه به دو گروه مواجهه (50 نفر) و شاهد (50 نفر) تقسیم و پس از یکسان سازی از میان کارکنان بخش تولید و اداری به شرط داشتن معیارهای ورود به مطالعه و رضایت برای شرکت انتخاب شدند.جهت سنجش مقادیر تراز فشار صوت از دوزیمتری</span> مدل 1354 </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">TES</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و دستگاه تراز سنج صوت استفاده گردید. در عین حال افراد پرسشنامه اطلاعات دموگرافیکی، آزردگی صوتی و نارسایی شناختی(</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">CFQ</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) را تکمیل نمودند.دادهها با استفاده از نرم افزار</span></span></span> <strong><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">19</span></span></span></strong><span dir="LTR" style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">SPSS</span></span><span style="background:white;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و آزمونهای </span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه، </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">t</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> تک نمونهای کروسکال - والیس، اسپیرمن و </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">Mann - Whitney</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافتهها: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد 50 % از جامعه مورد مطالعه دارای گستره سنی 33-27 سال و 45% آنها دارای سابقه کاری 5-3 سال بودند.همچنین نتایج آزمون متغیرهای کیفی در دو گروه مواجهه و شاهد نشان داد که بین سابقه کار، وضعیت تأهل و تحصیلات تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد ، ولی در مورد </span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متغیر سن تفاوت معنی داری از لحظ آماری وجود داشت (05/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">p</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">). میانگین مقادیر تراز فشار صوت در گروه مواجهه و شاهد به ترتیب 49/4 </span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 44/86دسیبل </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">A</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و 02/3 </span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 29/59 دسیبل </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">A</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> بود. همچنین نمره آزردگی صوتی و نارسایی شناختی در گروه مواجهه به ترتیب 54/10 </span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 79/70 و 97/8 </span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 46/63 و در گروه شاهد به ترتیب90/20 </span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 09/20 و 00/8 </span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> 14/45 به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان آزردگی صوتی در گروه مواجهه در محدوده آزردگی زیاد (44 %) و در گروه شاهد در محدوده عدم آزردگی (68 %) بود. نتایج بررسی نارسایی شناختی نشان داد، میانگین نمرات حواس پرتی، مشکلات مربوط به حافظه، اشتباهات سهوی، عدم یادآوری اسامی در گروه مواجهه به ترتیب 42/8، 46/6، 46/7، 73/2 بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود. ارزیابی همبستگی بین مقادیر تراز فشار صوت با شاخصهای آزردگی صوتی(694/0</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">r=</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">0، 05/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">p</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)و نارسایی شناختی(768/0</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">r= </span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، 05/0></span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">p</span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) رابطه مثبت و معنادار را نشان داد<strong>.</strong> </span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتیجهگیری:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:B Mitra;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه میزان آزردگی صوتی و نارسایی شناختی در کارگران این صنعت در سطح بالایی بوده و با توجه به ارتباط مثبت و معنادار بین نمرات این شاخصها با مقادیر تراز فشار صوت میتوان بیان نمود که لازم است به منظور حفظ سلامت روان کارکنان و همچنین بهرهوری آنها اقدامات کنترلی مناسب جهت کاهش مواجهه کارگران با صدا در این صنعت صورت پذیرد.</span></span><br>
<span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"></span></span>
<strong>Background and aims:</strong> The ceramics industry is one of the key industries in the economic development of any country. This industry has a large share of Iran's non-oil exports so that in recent years it has consistently placed Iran's position in the production and export of this product among other developing countries. However, there are many harmful factors in these industries, which threaten the physical and mental health of workers, the most important of which are environmental hazards, cooling, heating, vibration, noise pollution, and so on. Noise pollution is very important in the ceramics industry, as in other industries. According to research, about 600 million people worldwide and 30 million people in the United States face more than 85 dB noise in their workplace. According to the report, about 2 million workers are reported in Iran, according to a report by the Health Ministry's Workplace Health Center. Also, according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 14 percent of the total workforce is working in environments with noise levels above 90 dB. Consequently, exposure to noise in the world, including Iran, is a problem in the workplace. In addition, according to studies in the ceramics industry, it can be concluded that exposure to noise is high for the employees of the industry so that the study results Kargar et al. Found that about 45% of the ceramic industry's employees are exposed to noise above the permitted level. As a result, personal exposure to noise will be of particular importance to employees in the industry, based on the results of past exposure research. Hair can work with noise in the workplace, except for hearing loss Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal, behavioral, mental and sleep disorders. On the other hand, acoustic disturbance is a new topic that has been considered by researchers recently as one of the negative effects on one's health and comfort. The most common subjective response is measurable, and its effects may include physiological responses, central nervous system responses, and biochemical changes. These failures include various areas such as memory, distraction, forgetfulness, inadvertent errors. Also, due to interference with daily activities can cause serious harm to the person. As a result, the present study investigated acoustic annoyance as the most common measurable subjective response among people exposed to noise and cognitive impairment as an indicator of one's ability to perform tasks that he or she is naturally capable of performing in a ceramic industry. At the same time, it is intended to examine the relationship between sound pressure level values with acoustic annoyance scores and cognitive failure.<br>
<strong>Methods:</strong> This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the ceramics industry in 1998. To determine individual exposure to noise, we first examined the production sections and the annual results of the sound measurements, and then the loudspeakers were identified. In this study, the sample size was calculated using Cohen's sampling formula with 80% confidence interval of 95% confidence level of 96 persons. Under 50 years of age, congenital hearing impairment, lack of sleep medications and CNS overdose, depression, and lack of a second job were considered. Thus, at the end of this study, after eliminating some of the study population, 50 workers were exposed and 50 administrative staff were placed in the control group. Also, volunteers were asked about the importance of the research subject. Then, to complete the questionnaires used in the study, a research session was held with the presence of the research population. Then the questionnaires were distributed to the individuals and their observation was completed. given. DOS 1354 TES was used to measure the sound pressure level. At the same time, the subjects completed a demographic questionnaire, noise annoyance and cognitive impairment (CFQ) questionnaire. Measurement was done in two groups of exposure and control. The TES-1356 calibrator was manufactured in Taiwan to obtain the exact results of the equipment used before each measurement. In accordance with ISO 9612 standard, a dosimeter microphone was installed on their collar at a distance of 10-30 cm from the outer ear canal. At the end, exposure dose calculations were performed, as production workers were exposed to the same noise levels during the shift, and a two-hour dosimetry was performed and generalized to the equivalent of the 8-hour balance calculations. There are four components that have the first component of distraction (2 items), memory problems (7 items), inadvertent errors (7 items), lack of recall of names (2 items). The acoustic annoyance questionnaire consists of three parts. These three sections include: The first part is heavily rated for workplace noise, the second and third are respectively for workplace noise disturbance and for determining the situations people experience throughout the day, such as fatigue, lethargy, loss of concentration, and so on checked. The questionnaire is divided into 0 to 10 levels of annoyance, with zero being non-annoying and 10 being excessive annoyance. The data were confirmed. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze marital status with sound pressure level, acoustic distress and cognitive impairment. In addition, Spearman test was used to correlate the parameters of sound pressure level, acoustic annoyance and cognitive failure. The level of 0.05 was considered as the significant level.<br>
<strong>Results:</strong> The results of this study showed that 50% of the study population was 27-33 years old, 45% had a 3 to 5 year work experience, 64% were married and only 9% had university education. Qualitative in both exposure and control groups showed that there was no significant difference between work experience, marital status and education but there was a significant difference in age variable (p <0.05). Mean sound pressure levels in the exposure and control groups were 86.44 86 4.49 dB and 59.29 ± 3.02 dB, respectively. Also the score of acoustic annoyance and cognitive impairment in the exposure group were 70.79 /10 10.54 and 63.46 8 8.97 and in the control group were 20.09 20 20.20 and 45.14 8 8.00, respectively. . Also, the highest and the lowest noise pressure levels in the exposure group were 95, 78 dB and 64, 50 dB, respectively. In addition, the highest frequency of acupuncture reported in the case group was 60% in the range of severe distress and 28% in the range of severe distress. However, the highest rate of acoustic annoyance in the control group was 68% in the non-annoyance range and 30% in the mild annoyance range. The results of the analysis of the third part of the acoustic annoyance questionnaire related to the situations that people experience during the day showed that the average experience of fatigue (3.38), fatigue and drowsiness (3.40), dizziness (3.46), Decreased focus strength (3.58), headache (3.67), more discomfort (3.57) than control group. In addition, headaches (3.67) and fatigue (2.49) had the highest mean of exposure and control groups, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the scale of acoustic annoyance and mood states (fatigue, lethargy and drowsiness, dizziness, loss of concentration, dizziness, headache, discomfort) (p <0.05). Also, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the scale of acoustic annoyance with demographic characteristics<span dir="RTL">.</span>The results of Cognitive Failure Survey in the employees of this industry were analyzed in four sections, mean of four sections of distraction, memory problems, inadvertent errors, failure to recall names in exposure group, respectively, 22/01, 20/60, 15/88, respectively. It was 5.70. However, the mean of the four sections in the control group were reported to be 16.44, 13.92, 13.24, 2.30, respectively. In addition, the mean correlation coefficient was upward (-0.778). 0/613) There is a strong association between acoustic annoyance and memory problems and lack of recall. Also, the mean of cognitive failure was analyzed by age, work experience, marital status and education. The results showed that the highest rate of cognitive failure was in the age of 27-33 years, work experience of 5-5 years and cognitive failure in people with Education was also less affected. Also, the relationship between sound pressure level and cognitive failure criteria showed a positive and significant relationship between them. There was also a significant relationship between Cognitive Failure Scale, acoustic annoyance and sound pressure level in both the exposure and control groups. r = 0.768, p <0.05) showed a significant positive relationship<span dir="RTL">.</span><br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results of the present study confirm that the noise level is higher than the recognized limit for hearing and mental health and consequently high levels of noise and cognitive impairment in ceramic workers. The most important outcome of acoustic disturbance in this population is a decrease in concentration, headache, dizziness, lethargy, and drowsiness that affect the physical and mental health of the individual and ultimately the productivity. Sound-induced annoyance followed by experience<br>
Emotions such as fatigue and loss of concentration increase the likelihood of human error and sometimes irreparable occupational accidents, which makes clear the importance of noise exposure levels in terms of health and workplace safety. Given the significant relationship between these factors and noise pressure levels, it is recommended to take appropriate measures to reduce workers 'exposure to noise in the industry in order to maintain employees' mental health and increase their work efficiency. Also, considering the individual differences in the sense of distress, assessing people's sensitivity to noise for work in areas with high noise pollution can also help improve workplace conditions and prevent serious injuries in susceptible individuals.<br>
تراز فشار صوت, آزردگی صوتی, نارسایی شناختی(CFQ),سرامیک سازی.
Voice pressure level, Noise disturbance, Cognitive impairment (CFQ), Ceramicization.
460
474
http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2995-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Rohollah
fallah Madvari
روح الله
فلاح مدواری
fallah134@gmail.com
13600319475328460038095
13600319475328460038095
No
Shahid Beheshti School of Health and Safety
کمیته پژوهشی دانشجویان، گروه بهداشت حرفه ای، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. 2( گروه بهداشت حرفه ای، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران.
Somayeh
Farhang Dehghan
سمیه
فرهنگ دهقان
13600319475328460038096
13600319475328460038096
No
Assistant Professor,Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Centers School of Public Health and Safety,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science,Tehran,Iran
مرکز تحقیقات کنترل عوامل زیان آور محیط و کار، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی تهران، ایران.
milad
abbsi
میلاد
عباسی
milad8285@gmail.com
13600319475328460038097
13600319475328460038097
No
PhD candidate of Occupational Health Engineering,School of Public,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران.
Fereydoon
Laal
فریدون
لعل
13600319475328460038098
13600319475328460038098
No
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
ali reza
fallah Madvari
علیرضا
فلاح مدواری
13600319475328460038099
13600319475328460038099
No
B.Sc., Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرف های ، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران
Fatemeh
Haji Moradi
فاطمه
حاجی مرادی
13600319475328460038100
13600319475328460038100
No
Master of Biostatistics, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
آمار زیستی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران.
faezeh
abbasi Balochkhane
فائزه
عباسی بلوچخانه
faezehabasi72@yahoo.com
13600319475328460038101
13600319475328460038101
Yes
Master of Science in Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
مهندسی بهداشت حرف های، گروه بهداشت حرف های و ایمنی، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران
Yoosef
Faghihnia Torshizi
یوسف
فقیه نیا ترشیزی
yoosef.faghihnia@gmail.com
13600319475328460038102
13600319475328460038102
No
Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت کار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران.