Iran Occupational Health Journal

fa عوامل مؤثر بر رفتارهای محافظتی محل کار بیماری کووید-19 در کارمندان ادارات پرتردد شهر قم: کاربرد تئوری انگیزش محافظت Investigating the Factors Affecting Protective Behaviors in the Workplace of Covid-19 Disease in Employees of Frequent Departments in Qom: Application of Protection Motivation Theory بیماریهای تنفسی Respiratory disease پژوهشي Research زمینه و هدف: امروزه بیماری کووید-19 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺎﻧﺪﻣﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻄﺮح بوده و رفتارهای محافظتی در پیشگیری از این بیماری مؤثر است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر رفتارهای محافظتی با استفاده از نظریه انگیزش محافظت در ﻛﺎرﻣﻨﺪان ادارات دوﻟﺘﻲ پرتردد ﺷﻬﺮ قم است.   روش بررسی: در این مطالعهی مقطعی (توصیفی- تحلیلی)، 232 ﻛﺎرﻣﻨﺪ ادارات دوﻟﺘﻲ پرتردد ﺷﻬﺮ قم با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی خوشهای انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها شامل پرسشنامه اطلاعات جمعیتشناختی و رفتارهای محافظتکننده از بیماری کووید-19 و مقیاس سازههای نظریه انگیزش محافظت بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، معادلات ساختاری در محیط نرمافزار آماری اسمارت پی ال اس تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: میانگین و انحرافمعیار سن شرکت کنندگان 7/8±8/39 بود و 1/90 درصد از ایشان را مردان تشکیل میدادند. بیش از نیمی از شرکتکنندگان (%8/53) رفتارهای محافظتی بالاتر از میانگین داشتند. بین ارزیابی مقابله و انگیزش محافظت (05/0>P-value و 297/0=β) رابطه معنادار وجود داشت. اما سازه ارزیابی تهدید و ترس با انگیزش محافظت (05/0< P-valueو 060/0-=β) رابطه معنادار نداشت. همچنین رابطه مثبت معنادار بین انگیزش محافظت (05/0> P-valueو 214/0=β) با رفتارهای محافظتی مشاهده شد. شاخصهای برازش مدل مطلوب بود و مدل در مجموع توانسته 5 درصد از تغییرات انجام رفتارهای محافظتی را پیشبینی کند. نتیجه‌گیری: یافتهها نشان داد که ارزیابی مقابله و انگیزش محافظت از عوامل مؤثر بر رفتارهای محافظتی بیماری کووید-19 بودند. از نتایج مطالعه حاضر میتوان در تدوین برنامههای آموزشی به منظور بهبود رفتارهای محافظتی در کارمندان شاغل در ادارات استفاده نمود. Abstract Background and aims: Nowadays, Covid-19 is considered as a pandemic. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of March 25, 2020, in more than 156 countries, about 664,731,000 new cases of the disease and 30,892 deaths were reported. Iran is one of the countries with the highest incidence. Although there is a possibility of occupational accident in all health care provision environments, the offices is the main dangerous health care provider in terms of occupational infections in health systems. Ensuring the safety of employees in offices is not only crucial in protecting them against the virus but also in preventing the transmission of the virus. Protective behaviors are effective in prevention of occurrence of the disease. Protection motivation theory (PMT) helps to understand preventive behaviors better and can be used in occupational injury training programs. Considering the importance of identifying the factors of the preventive behaviours of Covid-19 in the development and implementation of preventive programs, this study was conducted for predicting the preventive behaviour againt Covid-19 based on the PMT among employees in crowded offices in Qom, Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 232 employees in crowded offices in Qom, Iran have been selected using random clustering sampling method. Data collection instrument included demographic characteristics,  protective behaviors against Covid-19, and PMT scale. The PMT constructs were assessed by questions composed and 7 subscales as follows: perceived vulnerability (2 items); perceived severity (2 items); perceived fear (2 items); self-efficacy (3 items); response efficacy (3 items); response cost (2 items); and protection motivation (1 items). The items were rated on a five-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). According to the theoretical assumptions, the threat appraisal score is the sum of the perceived susceptibility and severity scores. Also, the coping appraisal score is the sum of the self-efficacy and response efficacy scores minus the response cost score. Eight items scale by a three-point rated ‘always’, ‘sometimes’ and ‘never scored 2, 1 and 0, respectively measured Covid-19 preventive behaviours. The validity of the scale was confirmed using the viewpoints of health-education experts. The reliability of the scale was investigated by calculating internal consistency. Data have been analyzed via descriptive statistics and structural equations through SmartPLS statistical software. In the structural model, path coefficient, and R square were used to measure relationships among constructs. The predictive power of the model was examined by calculating Q2 indexes of behavior. Finally, a goodness of fit (GoF) index was calculated to display the model fit to the model.   Results: Mean and standard deviation of participants’ age has been 39.8 <img alt="" chromakey="white" src="file:///C:UsersNINJAAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip1�1clip_image001.png" > 8.7; and, 90.1% of them have been male. More than half of participants (53.8%) have shown protective behaviors higher than average. There has been a significant relationship between coping appraisal and protection motivation ( <img alt="" chromakey="white" src="file:///C:UsersNINJAAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip1�1clip_image002.png" > =0.297 and p-value˂0.05). However, there has been no significant relationship between threat appraisal and fear constructs and protection motivation ( <img alt="" chromakey="white" src="file:///C:UsersNINJAAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip1�1clip_image002.png" > =0.060 and p-value>0.05). Also, there has been significant positive relationship between protection motivation and protective behaviors ( <img alt="" chromakey="white" src="file:///C:UsersNINJAAppDataLocalTempmsohtmlclip1�1clip_image002.png" > =0.214 and p-value˂0.05). Fit indices of the model have been desirable and the model could predict overall 5% of changes in performing protective behaviors. GoF was 0.503, indicating the model good fit. Conclusion: According to the results, coping appraisals were identified to be the significant positive associations with protection motivation. Contrary to the expectations based on the PMT, it is generally seen that none of the threat appraisals (severity, vulnerability, and fear) predicted protection motivation and preventive behaviour against Covid-19. Protection motivation is predictor factor of the protective behaviors. The results can be used in formulating training programs to optimize protective behaviors among employees working in offices. Keywords: Protective Behaviors, Covid-19, Protective Motivation, Employees رفتارهای محافظتی, کووید-19, انگیزش محافظت, کارمندان Protective Behaviors, COVID-19, Protection Motivation , Employees 115 125 http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3403-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mohammadreza Azadeh محمدرضا آزاده t_ramezani533@yahoo.com 13600319475328460038379 13600319475328460038379 No Students Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران Tahereh Ramezani طاهره رمضانی t_ramezani533@yahoo.com 13600319475328460038380 13600319475328460038380 No Students Research Committee, Iranian Research Center of Ageing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran مرکز تحقیقات سالمندی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران Zahra Taheri kharameh زهرا طاهری خرامه ztaheri@muq.ac.ir 13600319475328460038381 13600319475328460038381 Yes Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران، قم: بلوار غدیر، روبروی ورزشگاه یادگار امام، مجتمع پردیس دانشگاه، دانشکده پیراپزشکی