Volume 15, Issue 1 (2018)
ioh 2018, 15(1): 146-154 |
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Evaluation of occupational exposure to para-phenylenediamine (PPD) in the inhaled air and environmental factors affect women hairdressing Sari. ioh 2018; 15 (1) :146-154
URL: http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2067-en.html
URL: http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2067-en.html
Abstract: (5406 Views)
Abstract
Background and aims: Hairdressers, because of using hair dyes, are exposed to PPD that endanger their health. Measuring the concentration of PPD is an assured way to measure the PPD rate. PPD causes leukemia and other blood disorders. PPD acute poisoning leads to respiratory distress, rhabdomyolysis, muscle necrosis and renal failure, severe edema of the face and neck, increased serum lactate deshydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase. The aim of this study is to measure Sari hairdressers’ risk of exposure to PPD and the affecting factors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in September 2016, samples were taken from 47 barbers in a health center in districy 3 in Tehran. To measure the PPD, a three-piece cassettes sampler was used, and the samples were analyzed by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography). The Kata thermometer was used to measure PPD’s affecting factors such as air flow rate and the thermo-hydrometer was used to measure air temperature, and humidity. Data analysis was based on regression analysis, independent test and Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact test. The significance level was considered as p<0.05.
Results: PPD average concentration of samples was 1.89%±0.00093. The PPD concentration was significantly associated with hairdresser’s ambient humidity (p<0.001, r=0.36). The relationship between work space and concentrations of PPD was significant (p<0.001, r=0.32). Association between PPD’s concentration and the number of operators was statistically significant (p<0.022, r=0.24). The relationship between the concentration of PPD with drying temperature, flow rate, ventilation, and local exhaust ventilation was not significant.
Conclusion: The average concentration of PPD is lower than OSHA limit. Using gloves, local exhaust ventilation, glasses, and splash goggle could be a method of prevention for barbers.
Keywords: Para-Phenylenediamine (PPD), Inhaled air, Hairdressers.
Background and aims: Hairdressers, because of using hair dyes, are exposed to PPD that endanger their health. Measuring the concentration of PPD is an assured way to measure the PPD rate. PPD causes leukemia and other blood disorders. PPD acute poisoning leads to respiratory distress, rhabdomyolysis, muscle necrosis and renal failure, severe edema of the face and neck, increased serum lactate deshydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase. The aim of this study is to measure Sari hairdressers’ risk of exposure to PPD and the affecting factors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in September 2016, samples were taken from 47 barbers in a health center in districy 3 in Tehran. To measure the PPD, a three-piece cassettes sampler was used, and the samples were analyzed by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography). The Kata thermometer was used to measure PPD’s affecting factors such as air flow rate and the thermo-hydrometer was used to measure air temperature, and humidity. Data analysis was based on regression analysis, independent test and Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact test. The significance level was considered as p<0.05.
Results: PPD average concentration of samples was 1.89%±0.00093. The PPD concentration was significantly associated with hairdresser’s ambient humidity (p<0.001, r=0.36). The relationship between work space and concentrations of PPD was significant (p<0.001, r=0.32). Association between PPD’s concentration and the number of operators was statistically significant (p<0.022, r=0.24). The relationship between the concentration of PPD with drying temperature, flow rate, ventilation, and local exhaust ventilation was not significant.
Conclusion: The average concentration of PPD is lower than OSHA limit. Using gloves, local exhaust ventilation, glasses, and splash goggle could be a method of prevention for barbers.
Keywords: Para-Phenylenediamine (PPD), Inhaled air, Hairdressers.
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Occupational Toxicology
Received: 2017/03/14 | Accepted: 2017/09/10 | Published: 2018/05/1
Received: 2017/03/14 | Accepted: 2017/09/10 | Published: 2018/05/1
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